Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1. I would not return to using chemical cleaners that are bad for my family.

2. I find recycling necessary to keep our planet clean.

3. I would like people to care more about our planet water resources.

4. I am sure our clean and safe future is worth new green habits today.

5. I am concerned about the long-term effects of pollution in big cities.

6. I am trying to stop people from polluting the air.

7. I want people stop and think about the way we treat waste.

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A) Peter seldom goes to the library.

B) Peter is satisfied with his term studies.

C) Peter hopes to do as well in the course as his classmates.

D) Peter prefers to work at his computer at home.

E) Jane does not expect Peter to pass his language exam.

F) Jane has always been the best student in the group.

G) Jane has some problems with one of her subjects.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3

Before moving to the USA Kara’s parents decided to

1) send her to a bilingual school.

2) start teaching her English at home.

3) take a basic English course themselves.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

4

Kara thinks it’s easier to learn a foreign language at an early age because children

1) are not afraid to communicate with strangers.

2) learn it the way they learn their mother tongue.

3) are highly motivated learners

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

5

The main problem the children from immigrant families face in the USA is that they

1) quickly forget their native language.

2) have a hard time learning English.

3) can’t fit into the English-speaking environment.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

6

Kara thinks the key element in learning French is

1) language environment.

2) a good teacher.

3) a good textbook.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

7

Kara uses Spanglish when she

1) talks to the older members of her family.

2) lacks words to express her thoughts.

3) talks to the Spanish who are beginners in English.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

8

The adults in Kara’s family are against

1) teaching their children Spanish after they have started school.

2) making English the only language of communication in the family.

3) their children speaking English after they are five years old.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

9

Kara buys books in English if

1) she wants to practice and improve her language.

2) they are not translated into Spanish.

3) she wants to read them in the original.

Установите соответствие заголовков 1–8 абзацам текста А–G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

Top 7 Reasons Your Employees are Unhappy at Work

A. Not having a proper management is probably the first reason as to why your employees are unhappy. Yes. Management plays an important role in boosting employee happiness. If there is no proper team management, or managers leak proper leadership skills, there are high chances that employee will be unhappy. Dictating to employees and micromanagement leads to a decrease in employee productivity.

B. One of the most frustrating aspect of any job is the feeling that you are not being recognized for the work you are doing. Be it a lack of correspondence with your manager, or taking on extra responsibilities that were not originally relayed to you and not being rewarded. The feeling that you are not being recognized or not being properly rewarded is another reason for the unhappiness of the employees.

C. Remuneration plays an important role in bolstering employee happiness. If employees happen to be underpaid needless to say that they will be unhappy. Many feel uncomfortable in taking up the subject matter with their managers and thus continue to be unhappy at their workplace.

D. If you do not provide defined job roles to employees and they end up doing a host of activities, all rolled into one, chances are that they will be unhappy. This is because, some employees have certain skill sets while others master a different kind of skill sets. And if these skill sets are overlapped while working, employee will definitely be not much happy about it.

E. Do you see there is some future in your career? Can you see a clear defined career path that motivates you to work? If the answer is no, then of course you will be unhappy. As an employer, if you have failed to provide a proper laid down path to your employee, then you would just be creating a bunch of unhappy workers, who will also not perform well.

F. Are you able to provide a proper work-life balance to your employees? If they feel work is taking up most of their time and they are unable to devote time to their personal lives, it’s time to rethink your company policies as your employees are truly unhappy.

G. A conducive work environment goes to a great extent in keeping employee happy and also ensuring that they are productive. If the environment you are providing the employees is not conducive enough, they will obviously be unhappy.

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу

Fiddler on the roof

“Where will we live in America?” one character asks of another. “With Uncle Abram, but he doesn’t know it yet!” “Where are you going?” another asks. “To my brother-in-law, in Chicago. I hate him, but a relative is a relative!” “Tzeitel, don’t forget the baby! We have to catch a train and a boat!” On Thursday evening a familiar drama unfolded on the stage of a school on the East Side of Manhattan.

In the audience, on folding chairs: parents, students A_______________, little brothers and sisters who’ve been lugged along, grandparents, aunts and uncles, faculty. There’s a pit orchestra, a few ramps going up to the stage, and the set. A few lopsided houses, a ramp, a roof stable enough for a violinist: it’s a village somewhere. It’s the opening of “Fiddler on the Roof.” My daughter has helped build the sets. “Not ‘Fiddler’ again,” a friend said, B___________________.

I can report that this particular “Fiddler” was terrific, full of spunk and spark; a wonderful wagon for Tevye to pull; an astonishing and terrifying ghost of Grandma, at least ten feet tall; tender lovers; the poignant tug between the present and the past; a violinist C__________________. But it seemed more than usually pertinent that, for a portion of the Thursday-night theatre-goers, the story was the story of their own families, Russian Jews forced to leave rural villages D__________________, in an instant. It is the story of my family.

I sat in the balcony and I watched the play, and, underneath the pleasure, and the applause, for the first time, I felt fear. At five, the child E_____________________was put on a ship with his three-year-old sister and told to look out for her on the ocean voyage. F_________________and it occurred to me that I was hovering, I thought of those two little children, their names pinned to their woollen jackets. My maternal grandmother, who died a decade ago, at the age of a hundred and three, had two memories of what she called “The Old Country.” The first was of being bathed in milk by her mother, a memory that has always confounded me, and by the time I thought to ask it was too late, and the second was of being hidden in a closet and told to stay very still and not breathe. She was three. “I was little, and I took little breaths,” she told me. The next day, they left for America.

1. who’ve stayed late at school to see the fall drama’s opening night

2. when my children were small

3. when I asked her to go along

4. who would become my paternal grandfather

5. who kept her balance on the tippy roof

6. while listening to it carefully

7. where they had lived for generations

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Monsters and mythical beasts perform a role in JK Rowling’s work which transcends that of world-building: they add symbolic and psychological depth, as well as reminding us that we are visiting a magical place. Rowling is both an inventor and archivist of fantastical animals, populating her universe with a mixture of what one might term ‘classic monsters’ (trolls, centaurs, mer-people) and folklore staples (bowtruckles, erklings), alongside her own inventions (dementors).

Some of these collected monsters are vastly better known than others: grindylows and boggarts, for example, have origins in Celtic and English folklore, but they are hardly household names. These relatively minor creatures often have a less-than-fantastical backstory: grindylows live in shallow water and threaten to grab at children with their green, reed-like arms. It isn’t difficult to see here both an explanation for the existence of the grindylow – it shares many characteristics with water plants, which are usually mobile and thus have their own disquieting appearance – and an explanation for why such stories might thrive – as a warning from parents to their children to keep away from a potential hazard, even if the risk was more likely to come from drowning than a malevolent water sprite.

But the vast majority of Rowling’s best-loved monsters have winged their way from the Ancient World to her modern, magical one. Fawkes the Phoenix is not only a fantastic beast, capable of auto-regeneration, he’s also a historical one. His colouring – red and gold – is the same as that of the phoenixes mentioned by Herodotus in his Histories from the Fifth Century BCE. Herodotus is known as the ‘father of history’ and, by his critics, as the ‘father of lies’. He reports what he is told by people he meets on his travels, often without the presentation of further evidence. In this instance, he’s told that phoenixes live in Egypt, so he relays this information to his readers. He does add that he hasn’t seen the creature himself, only pictures of one.

Another Harry Potter animal who has undergone changes to his fantastical nature is the multi-headed dog. Cerberus, the dog who guards the entrance to the Underworld in Greek myth, is a dog of many talents but no fixed number of heads. The poet Hesiod reckoned he was a 50-headed beast, and Pindar was more ambitious still, suggesting a hundred heads. Later Greek and Roman writers usually go for three, although vase painters – there’s a beautiful example of Cerberus on a vase in the Louvre – often depict him with two. Perhaps two heads are better than three, when it comes to painting them. However many heads he has, Cerberus has one thing in common with Fluffy, the three-headed dog in the first Harry Potter novel: both are distracted by music.

The philosopher’s stone itself has its roots in both myth and history: Dumbledore’s friend and the stone’s inventor, Nicolas Flamel, was a real scribe who lived in Paris in the 14th Century. Many years after Flamel’s death, he was said to have discovered the secret to eternal life: later writers attributed alchemical skills to him but there is no evidence to suggest he actually possessed these. Nonetheless, he has a street named after him in Paris today (as does his wife Pernelle), which is a kind of immortality, at least.

Other creatures serve allegorical purposes too: elves have been much grander elsewhere than in Rowling’s work (think of the superiority and otherness of the elves in Tolkien’s work, for example). Rowling’s house-elves are a clear reminder of slavery and servitude. Similarly, centaurs and giants suffer under Umbridge’s domination of Hogwarts, since they are regarded as less than human. Species-ism stands in for racism very easily.

It is worth noting that although dragons and basilisks put Harry and his friends in physical peril, the scariest creatures in the Potter universe are the dementors – creatures Rowling invented herself. These may bear some physical similarity to wraiths, and the Black Riders in The Lord of the Rings, but the psychological and emotional damage they cause is their own. Rowling has linked them with her own experience of depression, reminding us (if such reminders were necessary) that the darkest monsters most of us will face are those in our own minds.

12

What group monsters is NOT mentioned in the 1st paragraph as a part of J.K. Rowling’s world?

1) Mutants

2) Original monsters

3) Beasts from local old tales

4) Creatures from well-known sources

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Monsters and mythical beasts perform a role in JK Rowling’s work which transcends that of world-building: they add symbolic and psychological depth, as well as reminding us that we are visiting a magical place. Rowling is both an inventor and archivist of fantastical animals, populating her universe with a mixture of what one might term ‘classic monsters’ (trolls, centaurs, mer-people) and folklore staples (bowtruckles, erklings), alongside her own inventions (dementors).

Some of these collected monsters are vastly better known than others: grindylows and boggarts, for example, have origins in Celtic and English folklore, but they are hardly household names. These relatively minor creatures often have a less-than-fantastical backstory: grindylows live in shallow water and threaten to grab at children with their green, reed-like arms. It isn’t difficult to see here both an explanation for the existence of the grindylow – it shares many characteristics with water plants, which are usually mobile and thus have their own disquieting appearance – and an explanation for why such stories might thrive – as a warning from parents to their children to keep away from a potential hazard, even if the risk was more likely to come from drowning than a malevolent water sprite.

But the vast majority of Rowling’s best-loved monsters have winged their way from the Ancient World to her modern, magical one. Fawkes the Phoenix is not only a fantastic beast, capable of auto-regeneration, he’s also a historical one. His colouring – red and gold – is the same as that of the phoenixes mentioned by Herodotus in his Histories from the Fifth Century BCE. Herodotus is known as the ‘father of history’ and, by his critics, as the ‘father of lies’. He reports what he is told by people he meets on his travels, often without the presentation of further evidence. In this instance, he’s told that phoenixes live in Egypt, so he relays this information to his readers. He does add that he hasn’t seen the creature himself, only pictures of one.

Another Harry Potter animal who has undergone changes to his fantastical nature is the multi-headed dog. Cerberus, the dog who guards the entrance to the Underworld in Greek myth, is a dog of many talents but no fixed number of heads. The poet Hesiod reckoned he was a 50-headed beast, and Pindar was more ambitious still, suggesting a hundred heads. Later Greek and Roman writers usually go for three, although vase painters – there’s a beautiful example of Cerberus on a vase in the Louvre – often depict him with two. Perhaps two heads are better than three, when it comes to painting them. However many heads he has, Cerberus has one thing in common with Fluffy, the three-headed dog in the first Harry Potter novel: both are distracted by music.

The philosopher’s stone itself has its roots in both myth and history: Dumbledore’s friend and the stone’s inventor, Nicolas Flamel, was a real scribe who lived in Paris in the 14th Century. Many years after Flamel’s death, he was said to have discovered the secret to eternal life: later writers attributed alchemical skills to him but there is no evidence to suggest he actually possessed these. Nonetheless, he has a street named after him in Paris today (as does his wife Pernelle), which is a kind of immortality, at least.

Other creatures serve allegorical purposes too: elves have been much grander elsewhere than in Rowling’s work (think of the superiority and otherness of the elves in Tolkien’s work, for example). Rowling’s house-elves are a clear reminder of slavery and servitude. Similarly, centaurs and giants suffer under Umbridge’s domination of Hogwarts, since they are regarded as less than human. Species-ism stands in for racism very easily.

It is worth noting that although dragons and basilisks put Harry and his friends in physical peril, the scariest creatures in the Potter universe are the dementors – creatures Rowling invented herself. These may bear some physical similarity to wraiths, and the Black Riders in The Lord of the Rings, but the psychological and emotional damage they cause is their own. Rowling has linked them with her own experience of depression, reminding us (if such reminders were necessary) that the darkest monsters most of us will face are those in our own minds.

13

What is TRUE about grindylows?

1) Tales about them don’t serve any educational purpose

2) They are based on some real phenomenon

3) Their origins can be found in Roman myths

4) According to the legends, they help children who fell into the lakes

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Monsters and mythical beasts perform a role in JK Rowling’s work which transcends that of world-building: they add symbolic and psychological depth, as well as reminding us that we are visiting a magical place. Rowling is both an inventor and archivist of fantastical animals, populating her universe with a mixture of what one might term ‘classic monsters’ (trolls, centaurs, mer-people) and folklore staples (bowtruckles, erklings), alongside her own inventions (dementors).

Some of these collected monsters are vastly better known than others: grindylows and boggarts, for example, have origins in Celtic and English folklore, but they are hardly household names. These relatively minor creatures often have a less-than-fantastical backstory: grindylows live in shallow water and threaten to grab at children with their green, reed-like arms. It isn’t difficult to see here both an explanation for the existence of the grindylow – it shares many characteristics with water plants, which are usually mobile and thus have their own disquieting appearance – and an explanation for why such stories might thrive – as a warning from parents to their children to keep away from a potential hazard, even if the risk was more likely to come from drowning than a malevolent water sprite.

But the vast majority of Rowling’s best-loved monsters have winged their way from the Ancient World to her modern, magical one. Fawkes the Phoenix is not only a fantastic beast, capable of auto-regeneration, he’s also a historical one. His colouring – red and gold – is the same as that of the phoenixes mentioned by Herodotus in his Histories from the Fifth Century BCE. Herodotus is known as the ‘father of history’ and, by his critics, as the ‘father of lies’. He reports what he is told by people he meets on his travels, often without the presentation of further evidence. In this instance, he’s told that phoenixes live in Egypt, so he relays this information to his readers. He does add that he hasn’t seen the creature himself, only pictures of one.

Another Harry Potter animal who has undergone changes to his fantastical nature is the multi-headed dog. Cerberus, the dog who guards the entrance to the Underworld in Greek myth, is a dog of many talents but no fixed number of heads. The poet Hesiod reckoned he was a 50-headed beast, and Pindar was more ambitious still, suggesting a hundred heads. Later Greek and Roman writers usually go for three, although vase painters – there’s a beautiful example of Cerberus on a vase in the Louvre – often depict him with two. Perhaps two heads are better than three, when it comes to painting them. However many heads he has, Cerberus has one thing in common with Fluffy, the three-headed dog in the first Harry Potter novel: both are distracted by music.

The philosopher’s stone itself has its roots in both myth and history: Dumbledore’s friend and the stone’s inventor, Nicolas Flamel, was a real scribe who lived in Paris in the 14th Century. Many years after Flamel’s death, he was said to have discovered the secret to eternal life: later writers attributed alchemical skills to him but there is no evidence to suggest he actually possessed these. Nonetheless, he has a street named after him in Paris today (as does his wife Pernelle), which is a kind of immortality, at least.

Other creatures serve allegorical purposes too: elves have been much grander elsewhere than in Rowling’s work (think of the superiority and otherness of the elves in Tolkien’s work, for example). Rowling’s house-elves are a clear reminder of slavery and servitude. Similarly, centaurs and giants suffer under Umbridge’s domination of Hogwarts, since they are regarded as less than human. Species-ism stands in for racism very easily.

It is worth noting that although dragons and basilisks put Harry and his friends in physical peril, the scariest creatures in the Potter universe are the dementors – creatures Rowling invented herself. These may bear some physical similarity to wraiths, and the Black Riders in The Lord of the Rings, but the psychological and emotional damage they cause is their own. Rowling has linked them with her own experience of depression, reminding us (if such reminders were necessary) that the darkest monsters most of us will face are those in our own minds.

14

Herodotus…

1) Saw a phoenix himself

2) Knew people who saw a phoenix

3) Saw the picture of a phoenix

4) Drew the picture of a phoenix

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Monsters and mythical beasts perform a role in JK Rowling’s work which transcends that of world-building: they add symbolic and psychological depth, as well as reminding us that we are visiting a magical place. Rowling is both an inventor and archivist of fantastical animals, populating her universe with a mixture of what one might term ‘classic monsters’ (trolls, centaurs, mer-people) and folklore staples (bowtruckles, erklings), alongside her own inventions (dementors).

Some of these collected monsters are vastly better known than others: grindylows and boggarts, for example, have origins in Celtic and English folklore, but they are hardly household names. These relatively minor creatures often have a less-than-fantastical backstory: grindylows live in shallow water and threaten to grab at children with their green, reed-like arms. It isn’t difficult to see here both an explanation for the existence of the grindylow – it shares many characteristics with water plants, which are usually mobile and thus have their own disquieting appearance – and an explanation for why such stories might thrive – as a warning from parents to their children to keep away from a potential hazard, even if the risk was more likely to come from drowning than a malevolent water sprite.

But the vast majority of Rowling’s best-loved monsters have winged their way from the Ancient World to her modern, magical one. Fawkes the Phoenix is not only a fantastic beast, capable of auto-regeneration, he’s also a historical one. His colouring – red and gold – is the same as that of the phoenixes mentioned by Herodotus in his Histories from the Fifth Century BCE. Herodotus is known as the ‘father of history’ and, by his critics, as the ‘father of lies’. He reports what he is told by people he meets on his travels, often without the presentation of further evidence. In this instance, he’s told that phoenixes live in Egypt, so he relays this information to his readers. He does add that he hasn’t seen the creature himself, only pictures of one.

Another Harry Potter animal who has undergone changes to his fantastical nature is the multi-headed dog. Cerberus, the dog who guards the entrance to the Underworld in Greek myth, is a dog of many talents but no fixed number of heads. The poet Hesiod reckoned he was a 50-headed beast, and Pindar was more ambitious still, suggesting a hundred heads. Later Greek and Roman writers usually go for three, although vase painters – there’s a beautiful example of Cerberus on a vase in the Louvre – often depict him with two. Perhaps two heads are better than three, when it comes to painting them. However many heads he has, Cerberus has one thing in common with Fluffy, the three-headed dog in the first Harry Potter novel: both are distracted by music.

The philosopher’s stone itself has its roots in both myth and history: Dumbledore’s friend and the stone’s inventor, Nicolas Flamel, was a real scribe who lived in Paris in the 14th Century. Many years after Flamel’s death, he was said to have discovered the secret to eternal life: later writers attributed alchemical skills to him but there is no evidence to suggest he actually possessed these. Nonetheless, he has a street named after him in Paris today (as does his wife Pernelle), which is a kind of immortality, at least.

Other creatures serve allegorical purposes too: elves have been much grander elsewhere than in Rowling’s work (think of the superiority and otherness of the elves in Tolkien’s work, for example). Rowling’s house-elves are a clear reminder of slavery and servitude. Similarly, centaurs and giants suffer under Umbridge’s domination of Hogwarts, since they are regarded as less than human. Species-ism stands in for racism very easily.

It is worth noting that although dragons and basilisks put Harry and his friends in physical peril, the scariest creatures in the Potter universe are the dementors – creatures Rowling invented herself. These may bear some physical similarity to wraiths, and the Black Riders in The Lord of the Rings, but the psychological and emotional damage they cause is their own. Rowling has linked them with her own experience of depression, reminding us (if such reminders were necessary) that the darkest monsters most of us will face are those in our own minds.

15

What do Cerberus and Fluffy have in common?

1) The same number of heads

2) The same loyalty to their masters

3) The same abilities to smell the enemies

4) The same guilty pleasure

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Monsters and mythical beasts perform a role in JK Rowling’s work which transcends that of world-building: they add symbolic and psychological depth, as well as reminding us that we are visiting a magical place. Rowling is both an inventor and archivist of fantastical animals, populating her universe with a mixture of what one might term ‘classic monsters’ (trolls, centaurs, mer-people) and folklore staples (bowtruckles, erklings), alongside her own inventions (dementors).

Some of these collected monsters are vastly better known than others: grindylows and boggarts, for example, have origins in Celtic and English folklore, but they are hardly household names. These relatively minor creatures often have a less-than-fantastical backstory: grindylows live in shallow water and threaten to grab at children with their green, reed-like arms. It isn’t difficult to see here both an explanation for the existence of the grindylow – it shares many characteristics with water plants, which are usually mobile and thus have their own disquieting appearance – and an explanation for why such stories might thrive – as a warning from parents to their children to keep away from a potential hazard, even if the risk was more likely to come from drowning than a malevolent water sprite.

But the vast majority of Rowling’s best-loved monsters have winged their way from the Ancient World to her modern, magical one. Fawkes the Phoenix is not only a fantastic beast, capable of auto-regeneration, he’s also a historical one. His colouring – red and gold – is the same as that of the phoenixes mentioned by Herodotus in his Histories from the Fifth Century BCE. Herodotus is known as the ‘father of history’ and, by his critics, as the ‘father of lies’. He reports what he is told by people he meets on his travels, often without the presentation of further evidence. In this instance, he’s told that phoenixes live in Egypt, so he relays this information to his readers. He does add that he hasn’t seen the creature himself, only pictures of one.

Another Harry Potter animal who has undergone changes to his fantastical nature is the multi-headed dog. Cerberus, the dog who guards the entrance to the Underworld in Greek myth, is a dog of many talents but no fixed number of heads. The poet Hesiod reckoned he was a 50-headed beast, and Pindar was more ambitious still, suggesting a hundred heads. Later Greek and Roman writers usually go for three, although vase painters – there’s a beautiful example of Cerberus on a vase in the Louvre – often depict him with two. Perhaps two heads are better than three, when it comes to painting them. However many heads he has, Cerberus has one thing in common with Fluffy, the three-headed dog in the first Harry Potter novel: both are distracted by music.

The philosopher’s stone itself has its roots in both myth and history: Dumbledore’s friend and the stone’s inventor, Nicolas Flamel, was a real scribe who lived in Paris in the 14th Century. Many years after Flamel’s death, he was said to have discovered the secret to eternal life: later writers attributed alchemical skills to him but there is no evidence to suggest he actually possessed these. Nonetheless, he has a street named after him in Paris today (as does his wife Pernelle), which is a kind of immortality, at least.

Other creatures serve allegorical purposes too: elves have been much grander elsewhere than in Rowling’s work (think of the superiority and otherness of the elves in Tolkien’s work, for example). Rowling’s house-elves are a clear reminder of slavery and servitude. Similarly, centaurs and giants suffer under Umbridge’s domination of Hogwarts, since they are regarded as less than human. Species-ism stands in for racism very easily.

It is worth noting that although dragons and basilisks put Harry and his friends in physical peril, the scariest creatures in the Potter universe are the dementors – creatures Rowling invented herself. These may bear some physical similarity to wraiths, and the Black Riders in The Lord of the Rings, but the psychological and emotional damage they cause is their own. Rowling has linked them with her own experience of depression, reminding us (if such reminders were necessary) that the darkest monsters most of us will face are those in our own minds.

16

What is NOT True about Nicolas Flamel, according to the 5th paragraph?

1) He was Dumbledore’s friend in “Harry Potter” series

2) He claimed that he invented the philosopher’s stone

3) He lived in France

4) He asked to name a street after him

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Monsters and mythical beasts perform a role in JK Rowling’s work which transcends that of world-building: they add symbolic and psychological depth, as well as reminding us that we are visiting a magical place. Rowling is both an inventor and archivist of fantastical animals, populating her universe with a mixture of what one might term ‘classic monsters’ (trolls, centaurs, mer-people) and folklore staples (bowtruckles, erklings), alongside her own inventions (dementors).

Some of these collected monsters are vastly better known than others: grindylows and boggarts, for example, have origins in Celtic and English folklore, but they are hardly household names. These relatively minor creatures often have a less-than-fantastical backstory: grindylows live in shallow water and threaten to grab at children with their green, reed-like arms. It isn’t difficult to see here both an explanation for the existence of the grindylow – it shares many characteristics with water plants, which are usually mobile and thus have their own disquieting appearance – and an explanation for why such stories might thrive – as a warning from parents to their children to keep away from a potential hazard, even if the risk was more likely to come from drowning than a malevolent water sprite.

But the vast majority of Rowling’s best-loved monsters have winged their way from the Ancient World to her modern, magical one. Fawkes the Phoenix is not only a fantastic beast, capable of auto-regeneration, he’s also a historical one. His colouring – red and gold – is the same as that of the phoenixes mentioned by Herodotus in his Histories from the Fifth Century BCE. Herodotus is known as the ‘father of history’ and, by his critics, as the ‘father of lies’. He reports what he is told by people he meets on his travels, often without the presentation of further evidence. In this instance, he’s told that phoenixes live in Egypt, so he relays this information to his readers. He does add that he hasn’t seen the creature himself, only pictures of one.

Another Harry Potter animal who has undergone changes to his fantastical nature is the multi-headed dog. Cerberus, the dog who guards the entrance to the Underworld in Greek myth, is a dog of many talents but no fixed number of heads. The poet Hesiod reckoned he was a 50-headed beast, and Pindar was more ambitious still, suggesting a hundred heads. Later Greek and Roman writers usually go for three, although vase painters – there’s a beautiful example of Cerberus on a vase in the Louvre – often depict him with two. Perhaps two heads are better than three, when it comes to painting them. However many heads he has, Cerberus has one thing in common with Fluffy, the three-headed dog in the first Harry Potter novel: both are distracted by music.

The philosopher’s stone itself has its roots in both myth and history: Dumbledore’s friend and the stone’s inventor, Nicolas Flamel, was a real scribe who lived in Paris in the 14th Century. Many years after Flamel’s death, he was said to have discovered the secret to eternal life: later writers attributed alchemical skills to him but there is no evidence to suggest he actually possessed these. Nonetheless, he has a street named after him in Paris today (as does his wife Pernelle), which is a kind of immortality, at least.

Other creatures serve allegorical purposes too: elves have been much grander elsewhere than in Rowling’s work (think of the superiority and otherness of the elves in Tolkien’s work, for example). Rowling’s house-elves are a clear reminder of slavery and servitude. Similarly, centaurs and giants suffer under Umbridge’s domination of Hogwarts, since they are regarded as less than human. Species-ism stands in for racism very easily.

It is worth noting that although dragons and basilisks put Harry and his friends in physical peril, the scariest creatures in the Potter universe are the dementors – creatures Rowling invented herself. These may bear some physical similarity to wraiths, and the Black Riders in The Lord of the Rings, but the psychological and emotional damage they cause is their own. Rowling has linked them with her own experience of depression, reminding us (if such reminders were necessary) that the darkest monsters most of us will face are those in our own minds.

17

How are the Rowling’s elves different from usually portrayed ones?

1) They have more magical power

2) They are shorter

3) Their position in the society is worse

4) Their traditions are different

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Monsters and mythical beasts perform a role in JK Rowling’s work which transcends that of world-building: they add symbolic and psychological depth, as well as reminding us that we are visiting a magical place. Rowling is both an inventor and archivist of fantastical animals, populating her universe with a mixture of what one might term ‘classic monsters’ (trolls, centaurs, mer-people) and folklore staples (bowtruckles, erklings), alongside her own inventions (dementors).

Some of these collected monsters are vastly better known than others: grindylows and boggarts, for example, have origins in Celtic and English folklore, but they are hardly household names. These relatively minor creatures often have a less-than-fantastical backstory: grindylows live in shallow water and threaten to grab at children with their green, reed-like arms. It isn’t difficult to see here both an explanation for the existence of the grindylow – it shares many characteristics with water plants, which are usually mobile and thus have their own disquieting appearance – and an explanation for why such stories might thrive – as a warning from parents to their children to keep away from a potential hazard, even if the risk was more likely to come from drowning than a malevolent water sprite.

But the vast majority of Rowling’s best-loved monsters have winged their way from the Ancient World to her modern, magical one. Fawkes the Phoenix is not only a fantastic beast, capable of auto-regeneration, he’s also a historical one. His colouring – red and gold – is the same as that of the phoenixes mentioned by Herodotus in his Histories from the Fifth Century BCE. Herodotus is known as the ‘father of history’ and, by his critics, as the ‘father of lies’. He reports what he is told by people he meets on his travels, often without the presentation of further evidence. In this instance, he’s told that phoenixes live in Egypt, so he relays this information to his readers. He does add that he hasn’t seen the creature himself, only pictures of one.

Another Harry Potter animal who has undergone changes to his fantastical nature is the multi-headed dog. Cerberus, the dog who guards the entrance to the Underworld in Greek myth, is a dog of many talents but no fixed number of heads. The poet Hesiod reckoned he was a 50-headed beast, and Pindar was more ambitious still, suggesting a hundred heads. Later Greek and Roman writers usually go for three, although vase painters – there’s a beautiful example of Cerberus on a vase in the Louvre – often depict him with two. Perhaps two heads are better than three, when it comes to painting them. However many heads he has, Cerberus has one thing in common with Fluffy, the three-headed dog in the first Harry Potter novel: both are distracted by music.

The philosopher’s stone itself has its roots in both myth and history: Dumbledore’s friend and the stone’s inventor, Nicolas Flamel, was a real scribe who lived in Paris in the 14th Century. Many years after Flamel’s death, he was said to have discovered the secret to eternal life: later writers attributed alchemical skills to him but there is no evidence to suggest he actually possessed these. Nonetheless, he has a street named after him in Paris today (as does his wife Pernelle), which is a kind of immortality, at least.

Other creatures serve allegorical purposes too: elves have been much grander elsewhere than in Rowling’s work (think of the superiority and otherness of the elves in Tolkien’s work, for example). Rowling’s house-elves are a clear reminder of slavery and servitude. Similarly, centaurs and giants suffer under Umbridge’s domination of Hogwarts, since they are regarded as less than human. Species-ism stands in for racism very easily.

It is worth noting that although dragons and basilisks put Harry and his friends in physical peril, the scariest creatures in the Potter universe are the dementors – creatures Rowling invented herself. These may bear some physical similarity to wraiths, and the Black Riders in The Lord of the Rings, but the psychological and emotional damage they cause is their own. Rowling has linked them with her own experience of depression, reminding us (if such reminders were necessary) that the darkest monsters most of us will face are those in our own minds.

18

What do dementors remind us of?

1) Rowling’s depression

2) Inner demons

3) Fear of prison

4) Dark past

Прочитайте приведенные ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слово, напечатанное заглавными буквами после текста, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста. Впишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

The lost art of losing

19

Visits to U.S. national parks set a record in 2016 for the _________ consecutive year as landmarks such Zion, Yellowstone and Rocky Mountain experienced historic levels of popularity that brought collateral headaches stemming from overcrowded roads and trails and increasing visitor misbehavior.

THREE

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The lost art of losing

20

At many parks, visitors waited an hour or more in cars to get through entrance gates and then spent the day ___________ to outmaneuver fellow visitors for parking spots and room on popular trails.

TRY

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The lost art of losing

21

They _______ behind enormous amounts of trash and sometimes, human waste. 

LEAVE

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The lost art of losing

22

Encountering a crowded, Disneyland-like situation when people ____________ peaceful serenity during the visit but were facing the irresistible car noise, could lead to aggression and bad decisions, park officials said.

EXPECT

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The lost art of losing

23

It created a good news-bad news story for park managers. They praise the increased interest but are struggling to preserve iconic mountains, slot canyons and wildlife habitat for future generations. The National Park Service budget has remained basically flat, leaving parks to grapple with the problems without ___________ staffing levels.

HIGH

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The lost art of losing

24

Even though it is prohibited, more people _________________ dogs on trails in the Rocky Mountain park these days. Visitors are also parking cars on native vegetation or fragile alpine tundra and leaving human waste right near backcountry trails.

TAKE

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The lost art of losing

25

This summer, for the first time, the number of cars allowed on two popular roads on certain days ____________

LIMIT 

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26

The __________ of Katie Kitamura’s third novel, “A Separation” (Riverhead), is a literary translator, a job that appeals to her because of its “potential for passivity.”

NARRATE

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27

She could just as well have been a medium, she says. Now that she’s in the exposed position of telling her own story rather than someone else’s, she takes a certain refuge in reticence. She doesn’t _____________ her name.

CLOSE

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28

Even the book’s title, with its ____________ article, broadcasts a reluctance to set much store by what she has to say; a more robust ego would surely have opted for the possessive punch of “My Separation.”

DEFINITE

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29

The narrator’s husband, Christopher, informs her that such reserve comes off as ____________. Doesn’t she know that people think she’s a snob?

ARROGANT

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30

30 ________ not: “Our marriage was formed by the things Christopher knew and the things I did not.”

APPARENT

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31

She, meanwhile, insists that Christopher is as charming as they come, though “once you perceived the patches where it had worn through, it was hard to  see the charm—hard to see the man himself, if you were in any way wary of  charisma—___________whole again.”

ENTIRE

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Having a bad relationship with the boss can create all kinds of angst. But, it turns 32_____________, a close and cosy connection can actually be just as stressful — sometimes more 33 _________. Gabby Sullivan knows first-hand how stressful it can be. Sullivan and her boss were 34 __________- friends, work partners and even shared the same position, until he got 35___________. Sullivan felt he now seemed to hold her to a higher standard than he did everyone else and accused her 36 _______ not following his chain of command. Then came grumblings from colleagues that Sullivan was receiving preferential treatment. It was a no-win situation.

Meanwhile, outside of work, their friendship also changed, and the two rarely saw each other anymore. When they did, Sullivan found herself giving short, succinct answers and not wanting to engage in casual conversation. The situation became so stressful that Sullivan ended up taking a two-month leave of absence just to “detach” and take a 37 _____________ from it all.

“During times of change, in physically challenging situations and in moral dilemmas, having a particularly strong relationship with one’s supervisor can add to the pressure employees feel,” says Jeremy Bernerth, associate professor of management at San Diego State University, in an email. And it’s not just a feeling. This phenomenon is evident in higher stress levels, increased absences and, counter to what some might think, in weakened performance, he found in his 38_____________.

32

1) out 2) up 3) off 4) down

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Having a bad relationship with the boss can create all kinds of angst. But, it turns 32_____________, a close and cosy connection can actually be just as stressful — sometimes more 33 _________. Gabby Sullivan knows first-hand how stressful it can be. Sullivan and her boss were 34 __________- friends, work partners and even shared the same position, until he got 35___________. Sullivan felt he now seemed to hold her to a higher standard than he did everyone else and accused her 36 _______ not following his chain of command. Then came grumblings from colleagues that Sullivan was receiving preferential treatment. It was a no-win situation.

Meanwhile, outside of work, their friendship also changed, and the two rarely saw each other anymore. When they did, Sullivan found herself giving short, succinct answers and not wanting to engage in casual conversation. The situation became so stressful that Sullivan ended up taking a two-month leave of absence just to “detach” and take a 37 _____________ from it all.

“During times of change, in physically challenging situations and in moral dilemmas, having a particularly strong relationship with one’s supervisor can add to the pressure employees feel,” says Jeremy Bernerth, associate professor of management at San Diego State University, in an email. And it’s not just a feeling. This phenomenon is evident in higher stress levels, increased absences and, counter to what some might think, in weakened performance, he found in his 38_____________.

33

1) that 2) this 3) though 4) so

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Having a bad relationship with the boss can create all kinds of angst. But, it turns 32_____________, a close and cosy connection can actually be just as stressful — sometimes more 33 _________. Gabby Sullivan knows first-hand how stressful it can be. Sullivan and her boss were 34 __________- friends, work partners and even shared the same position, until he got 35___________. Sullivan felt he now seemed to hold her to a higher standard than he did everyone else and accused her 36 _______ not following his chain of command. Then came grumblings from colleagues that Sullivan was receiving preferential treatment. It was a no-win situation.

Meanwhile, outside of work, their friendship also changed, and the two rarely saw each other anymore. When they did, Sullivan found herself giving short, succinct answers and not wanting to engage in casual conversation. The situation became so stressful that Sullivan ended up taking a two-month leave of absence just to “detach” and take a 37 _____________ from it all.

“During times of change, in physically challenging situations and in moral dilemmas, having a particularly strong relationship with one’s supervisor can add to the pressure employees feel,” says Jeremy Bernerth, associate professor of management at San Diego State University, in an email. And it’s not just a feeling. This phenomenon is evident in higher stress levels, increased absences and, counter to what some might think, in weakened performance, he found in his 38_____________.

34

1) reserve 2) close 3) mutual 4) near

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Having a bad relationship with the boss can create all kinds of angst. But, it turns 32_____________, a close and cosy connection can actually be just as stressful — sometimes more 33 _________. Gabby Sullivan knows first-hand how stressful it can be. Sullivan and her boss were 34 __________- friends, work partners and even shared the same position, until he got 35___________. Sullivan felt he now seemed to hold her to a higher standard than he did everyone else and accused her 36 _______ not following his chain of command. Then came grumblings from colleagues that Sullivan was receiving preferential treatment. It was a no-win situation.

Meanwhile, outside of work, their friendship also changed, and the two rarely saw each other anymore. When they did, Sullivan found herself giving short, succinct answers and not wanting to engage in casual conversation. The situation became so stressful that Sullivan ended up taking a two-month leave of absence just to “detach” and take a 37 _____________ from it all.

“During times of change, in physically challenging situations and in moral dilemmas, having a particularly strong relationship with one’s supervisor can add to the pressure employees feel,” says Jeremy Bernerth, associate professor of management at San Diego State University, in an email. And it’s not just a feeling. This phenomenon is evident in higher stress levels, increased absences and, counter to what some might think, in weakened performance, he found in his 38_____________.

35

1) motivated 2) fired 3) pushed 4) promoted

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Having a bad relationship with the boss can create all kinds of angst. But, it turns 32_____________, a close and cosy connection can actually be just as stressful — sometimes more 33 _________. Gabby Sullivan knows first-hand how stressful it can be. Sullivan and her boss were 34 __________- friends, work partners and even shared the same position, until he got 35___________. Sullivan felt he now seemed to hold her to a higher standard than he did everyone else and accused her 36 _______ not following his chain of command. Then came grumblings from colleagues that Sullivan was receiving preferential treatment. It was a no-win situation.

Meanwhile, outside of work, their friendship also changed, and the two rarely saw each other anymore. When they did, Sullivan found herself giving short, succinct answers and not wanting to engage in casual conversation. The situation became so stressful that Sullivan ended up taking a two-month leave of absence just to “detach” and take a 37 _____________ from it all.

“During times of change, in physically challenging situations and in moral dilemmas, having a particularly strong relationship with one’s supervisor can add to the pressure employees feel,” says Jeremy Bernerth, associate professor of management at San Diego State University, in an email. And it’s not just a feeling. This phenomenon is evident in higher stress levels, increased absences and, counter to what some might think, in weakened performance, he found in his 38_____________.

36

1) of 2) for 3) from 4) on

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Having a bad relationship with the boss can create all kinds of angst. But, it turns 32_____________, a close and cosy connection can actually be just as stressful — sometimes more 33 _________. Gabby Sullivan knows first-hand how stressful it can be. Sullivan and her boss were 34 __________- friends, work partners and even shared the same position, until he got 35___________. Sullivan felt he now seemed to hold her to a higher standard than he did everyone else and accused her 36 _______ not following his chain of command. Then came grumblings from colleagues that Sullivan was receiving preferential treatment. It was a no-win situation.

Meanwhile, outside of work, their friendship also changed, and the two rarely saw each other anymore. When they did, Sullivan found herself giving short, succinct answers and not wanting to engage in casual conversation. The situation became so stressful that Sullivan ended up taking a two-month leave of absence just to “detach” and take a 37 _____________ from it all.

“During times of change, in physically challenging situations and in moral dilemmas, having a particularly strong relationship with one’s supervisor can add to the pressure employees feel,” says Jeremy Bernerth, associate professor of management at San Diego State University, in an email. And it’s not just a feeling. This phenomenon is evident in higher stress levels, increased absences and, counter to what some might think, in weakened performance, he found in his 38_____________.

37

1) break 2) breath 3) stop 4) pause

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Having a bad relationship with the boss can create all kinds of angst. But, it turns 32_____________, a close and cosy connection can actually be just as stressful — sometimes more 33 _________. Gabby Sullivan knows first-hand how stressful it can be. Sullivan and her boss were 34 __________- friends, work partners and even shared the same position, until he got 35___________. Sullivan felt he now seemed to hold her to a higher standard than he did everyone else and accused her 36 _______ not following his chain of command. Then came grumblings from colleagues that Sullivan was receiving preferential treatment. It was a no-win situation.

Meanwhile, outside of work, their friendship also changed, and the two rarely saw each other anymore. When they did, Sullivan found herself giving short, succinct answers and not wanting to engage in casual conversation. The situation became so stressful that Sullivan ended up taking a two-month leave of absence just to “detach” and take a 37 _____________ from it all.

“During times of change, in physically challenging situations and in moral dilemmas, having a particularly strong relationship with one’s supervisor can add to the pressure employees feel,” says Jeremy Bernerth, associate professor of management at San Diego State University, in an email. And it’s not just a feeling. This phenomenon is evident in higher stress levels, increased absences and, counter to what some might think, in weakened performance, he found in his 38_____________.

38

1) document 2) research 3) survey 4) question

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend John who writes:

…My brother has just graduated from University. He is a lawyer now. What professions are the most prestigious in Russia? What kinds of money-making jobs in Russia do not require a university degree? Do you want to go to college, why or why not?

This summer we are going on a three-day bicycle trip …

Write a letter to John.

In your letter

• answer his questions,
• ask 3 questions about about the trip.

Write 100—140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

You have 20 minutes to do this task.

Comment on the following statement:

1. It’s important for high school students to study compulsory subjects, even if they don’t see any need for them in the near future.

2. Sewing or knitting clothes at home today is a waste of time and money.

What is your opinion?

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:

− make an introduction (state the problem)

− express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion

− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion

− explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

− make a conclusion restating your position