Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1. Climate can influence national character

2. The weather changes according to some objective phenomena

3. The stock market depends on weather conditions

4. Bad weather can be the result of human behavior

5. Wet weather can be good in any season

6. Some people have a gift for predicting things

7. The weather can affect people’s health and emotions

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A. Jackie and her boyfriend have purchased an accommodation

B. Jackie and Simon seem to split up soon

C. Jackie teaches economics at the University

D. David rents a flat

E. Jackie’s flat was quite expensive

F. Jackie’s boyfriend works in a bank

G. The two couples will have lunch out of town

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3

Why did Helen change her original name?

1) She wanted to break her tribe traditions.

2) People found it difficult to pronounce it.

3) She did not like its meaning.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

4

Which tradition, according to Helen, is still alive in Navaho lifestyle?

1) Horse riding.

2) Clothes.

3) Houses.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

5

How does Helen characterize her family?

1) They stick to the reservation area.

2) It tries to preserve old traditions.

3) It is unusually big for Navaho tribes.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

6

What is Helen’s opinion about keeping Navaho traditions?

1) Navaho people must assimilate into white culture.

2) Traditional lifestyle is appropriate only in reservations.

3) There should be a balance in accepting white culture.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

7

What does Helen say about her knowledge of the Navaho language?

1) She used to be better at it.

2) She still has an excellent command of it.

3) Her speaking skills are better than her writing.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

8

Which of the following weekend activities does Helen NOT mention as her habit?

1) Watching films.

2) Taking part in traditional ceremonies.

3) Meeting peers.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

9

What does Helen dream of visiting?

1) Local places of interest.

2) American cities.

3) Countries on other continents.

Установите соответствие заголовков 1–8 абзацам текста А–G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

A. For thousands of years, the Cantabrian Sea has periodically engulfed the massive rock formations on Cathedrals Beach in Galicia, north-western Spain, chipping the softened rock into soaring arches and dark caves. But as well as sculpting this revered and popular landscape, the constant floods may have also washed away evidence of ancient hidden treasure.

B. After the Romans conquered Galicia about 2,000 years ago, joining the territory to the vast and powerful Roman Empire, they minted coins with gold mined in the area. The Galician government, which still oversees abundant reserves of the precious metal, has recognized several local gold mines discovered and exploited by the invaders, who may have also extended their hunt for gold to the wet and weathered caves of Cathedrals Beach.

C. The government nowadays has expressed more interest in protecting Cathedrals Beach than commissioning a study on its past. It recently capped the number of people who can visit the popular site on peak travel dates, requiring online reservations for up to 4,812 visitors daily from July through September, and during Holy Week in the spring, a holiday in Spain when many residents travel. Nearly 250,000 reservations were made last summer, most of them by domestic travellers, according to the Galician government, which declared the beach a Natural Monument because of the beauty and rarity of its rock-studded vista.

D. The beach stretches along the coast of Lugo province in Galicia, a region best known for pilgrimages by foot to St James Cathedral in its capital, Santiago de Compostela, the reputed burial site of the saint. The pilgrims can continue to Cape Finisterre, a peninsula on the west coast of Galicia, which was considered the end of the world during the Roman era. A prehistoric circle of stones a mile from Cathedrals Beach, its purpose unknown, has been likened to Stonehenge in England.

E. Before those legends arose, about 350 million years ago, the ancient continents Laurussia and Gondwana collided, breaking apart a mountain range as tall as the Himalayas. It’s believed the rocks on Cathedrals Beach came from those mountains.

F. In the meantime, the beach continues to lose traces of its history. Scientists hope to unravel the area’s latest mystery and find the last vestiges of the past before they are gone, swallowed by the sea.

G. On a cliff overlooking Cathedrals Beach and the sea, geologists found an un-dated manmade canal carved in the ground, which bears similarities to canals used by the Romans to excavate gold mines in the area. During their searches for gold, the Romans would light fires on the ground and douse the flames with water carried by the canals, a process that cracked the ground so they could dig with hand tools.

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу

In an 1898 advertising poster, a man made of rubber rings hoists a giant champagne coupe full of broken glass and nails (garnished with a horseshoe) and toasts “Nunc est bibendum” — Latin for “Now is the time drink.” Michelin tyres, the ad implied, were tough enough to digest everything the road had to offer.

Advertising metaphor was a bit heavy-handed in 1898, but the idea of eating up the road (as delivered by that rotund rubber spokesman, formally known as Bibendum) would become the guiding principle of that fledgling French rubber company. And while durable tyres made them money, A_______________________.

In 1900, brothers Édouard and André Michelin released the first Guide Michelin. To the 3000 or so motorists in France who bought their tyres, they handed a slim book containing maps, basic maintenance instructions, and lists of mechanics, petrol stations, hotels, and — as information no more vital than the nearest gas pump — suggestions for restaurants along the routes. They were keen to make motoring a recreational hobby for the few well-to-do who actually owned cars, and realized B___________________would result in more wear (and the occasional hobnail puncture) on their flagship products.

The red guidebooks were soon vital automotive equipment, living in glove boxes long after gloves were passé. As more and more cars entered the roads, the addresses of service stations became less necessary, C_________________. In 1926, stars were added to establishments of special note, and a three-star system was implemented in 1933. To create the ratings, the company sends out an army of anonymous critics D_________________. They visit each restaurant several times, and then issue pronouncements that earn biblical reverence, a sort of Chow’s Little Red Book. The Guide Michelin’s genius may be its parsimony; unworthy restaurants are simply not listed, E__________________. Stars make or break both culinary careers and profit-and-loss reports, and chefs have driven themselves to madness and suicide in the quest to gain — F________________— a third star.

1. and the guides began to focus exclusively on hospitality

2. that was done according to the rules

3. another marketing gimmick would change the world of dining

4. or in the heartache of losing

5. that giving them places to go and advice on getting there

6. and three-star establishments are few and far between

7. who are called “inspectors”

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Hong Kong is a city of contrasts: of new technology and old traditions, of high-rise buildings and stunning countryside, a hybrid between the East and the West. The territory's flag bears a flower whose past, and future, are just as complicated. The flag of Hong Kong features a distinctive five-petalled white flower on a red background. This flower became Hong Kong's emblem when the territory was handed over to China in 1997.

But the true origin of this mysterious plant has only been revealed in recent years. It is now the subject of community conservation projects hoping to save it from extinction. The flower in question is a peculiar plant known as the Hong Kong orchid tree. It is a native of the island of Hong Kong.Despite its name it is not an orchid, but rather a tree in the legume family, the group that includes peas and beans. However, its distinctive 15cm flowers are reminiscent of orchid flowers, and the common name stuck.

The first Hong Kong orchid tree was found around 1880 by Jean-Marie Delavay, a French Catholic missionary out hiking in the countryside. Near a ruined building, he found a single tree with incredible magenta flowers, and took a cutting."He thought it was quite stunning, quite beautiful, and quite different to ones he had seen before, and so he took a cutting of it and brought it back to his sanatorium," says data scientist Rob Davidson. Sanatoriums were popular in colonial times as a place of respite and recovery for missionaries that had contracted tropical diseases on their travels.

It is believed that all the Hong Kong orchid trees alive today are descendants of this single plant."All the trees since then have been cultivated by hand, by someone who's taken a bit of an old tree, and stuck it on to another root stock and let it grow from there," says Davidson.This process is called "grafting". It has been familiar to gardeners and farmers for thousands of years, so much so that it is easy to forget that it is remarkable.

Only with modern genetics have scientists begun to unravel the mysterious origins of the Hong Kong orchid tree. A study published in 2005 revealed that the strange flower is actually a hybrid of two known species; the pink-flowered butterfly tree (B. variegata), and the purple-flowered B. purpurea. This explains why the trees can only reproduce with human help, by taking cuttings. Just like a mule, B. blakeana is a sterile hybrid. Hybridisation is when a new species is produced by combining half of the DNA of one species with half of the DNA of another. It is a hit-and-miss exercise. Most of the time, it fails because the two halves of DNA are simply too different to work together. The majority of hybrid embryos never develop.

Even when a hybrid does develop into an adult, they are often sterile. We may never know how the original hybrid tree came to be there. But scientists are now using modern genomic techniques to understand the orchid tree better. Lawrence Ramsden of the University of Hong Kong was a member of the team that discovered B. blakeana's hybrid origin in 2005. He is now leading a search for mutant trees that are fertile. Such trees might exist: with a few mutations in the right places, a sterile B. blakeana could theoretically start producing viable seeds. If they do find a fertile B. blakeanatree, it might not be quite as beautiful as the sterile ones. That is because the flowers of sterile B. blakeana trees "stay in bloom longer because the plant doesn't put any energy into producing seeds," says Davidson.However, a fertile tree might just save the species. But until one is found, or one of the other approaches comes to fruition, the Hong Kong orchid tree will have to survive the way it has for the last century.

The orchid tree was chosen as Hong Kong's emblem because it represents the merging of old and new. So it seems apt that the plant is itself a hybrid, and that it might be saved by melding new technology with old-fashioned amateur naturalism.

12

1) Compass points

2) Predators and herbivores

3) Urban and rural life

4) Traditional and modern

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Hong Kong is a city of contrasts: of new technology and old traditions, of high-rise buildings and stunning countryside, a hybrid between the East and the West. The territory's flag bears a flower whose past, and future, are just as complicated. The flag of Hong Kong features a distinctive five-petalled white flower on a red background. This flower became Hong Kong's emblem when the territory was handed over to China in 1997.

But the true origin of this mysterious plant has only been revealed in recent years. It is now the subject of community conservation projects hoping to save it from extinction. The flower in question is a peculiar plant known as the Hong Kong orchid tree. It is a native of the island of Hong Kong.Despite its name it is not an orchid, but rather a tree in the legume family, the group that includes peas and beans. However, its distinctive 15cm flowers are reminiscent of orchid flowers, and the common name stuck.

The first Hong Kong orchid tree was found around 1880 by Jean-Marie Delavay, a French Catholic missionary out hiking in the countryside. Near a ruined building, he found a single tree with incredible magenta flowers, and took a cutting."He thought it was quite stunning, quite beautiful, and quite different to ones he had seen before, and so he took a cutting of it and brought it back to his sanatorium," says data scientist Rob Davidson. Sanatoriums were popular in colonial times as a place of respite and recovery for missionaries that had contracted tropical diseases on their travels.

It is believed that all the Hong Kong orchid trees alive today are descendants of this single plant."All the trees since then have been cultivated by hand, by someone who's taken a bit of an old tree, and stuck it on to another root stock and let it grow from there," says Davidson.This process is called "grafting". It has been familiar to gardeners and farmers for thousands of years, so much so that it is easy to forget that it is remarkable.

Only with modern genetics have scientists begun to unravel the mysterious origins of the Hong Kong orchid tree. A study published in 2005 revealed that the strange flower is actually a hybrid of two known species; the pink-flowered butterfly tree (B. variegata), and the purple-flowered B. purpurea. This explains why the trees can only reproduce with human help, by taking cuttings. Just like a mule, B. blakeana is a sterile hybrid. Hybridisation is when a new species is produced by combining half of the DNA of one species with half of the DNA of another. It is a hit-and-miss exercise. Most of the time, it fails because the two halves of DNA are simply too different to work together. The majority of hybrid embryos never develop.

Even when a hybrid does develop into an adult, they are often sterile. We may never know how the original hybrid tree came to be there. But scientists are now using modern genomic techniques to understand the orchid tree better. Lawrence Ramsden of the University of Hong Kong was a member of the team that discovered B. blakeana's hybrid origin in 2005. He is now leading a search for mutant trees that are fertile. Such trees might exist: with a few mutations in the right places, a sterile B. blakeana could theoretically start producing viable seeds. If they do find a fertile B. blakeanatree, it might not be quite as beautiful as the sterile ones. That is because the flowers of sterile B. blakeana trees "stay in bloom longer because the plant doesn't put any energy into producing seeds," says Davidson.However, a fertile tree might just save the species. But until one is found, or one of the other approaches comes to fruition, the Hong Kong orchid tree will have to survive the way it has for the last century.

The orchid tree was chosen as Hong Kong's emblem because it represents the merging of old and new. So it seems apt that the plant is itself a hybrid, and that it might be saved by melding new technology with old-fashioned amateur naturalism.

13

The flower on the flag…

1) originally is from Hong Kong.

2) belongs to the orchid family.

3) has small flowers.

4) can be found in Hong Kong in big amount.

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Hong Kong is a city of contrasts: of new technology and old traditions, of high-rise buildings and stunning countryside, a hybrid between the East and the West. The territory's flag bears a flower whose past, and future, are just as complicated. The flag of Hong Kong features a distinctive five-petalled white flower on a red background. This flower became Hong Kong's emblem when the territory was handed over to China in 1997.

But the true origin of this mysterious plant has only been revealed in recent years. It is now the subject of community conservation projects hoping to save it from extinction. The flower in question is a peculiar plant known as the Hong Kong orchid tree. It is a native of the island of Hong Kong.Despite its name it is not an orchid, but rather a tree in the legume family, the group that includes peas and beans. However, its distinctive 15cm flowers are reminiscent of orchid flowers, and the common name stuck.

The first Hong Kong orchid tree was found around 1880 by Jean-Marie Delavay, a French Catholic missionary out hiking in the countryside. Near a ruined building, he found a single tree with incredible magenta flowers, and took a cutting."He thought it was quite stunning, quite beautiful, and quite different to ones he had seen before, and so he took a cutting of it and brought it back to his sanatorium," says data scientist Rob Davidson. Sanatoriums were popular in colonial times as a place of respite and recovery for missionaries that had contracted tropical diseases on their travels.

It is believed that all the Hong Kong orchid trees alive today are descendants of this single plant."All the trees since then have been cultivated by hand, by someone who's taken a bit of an old tree, and stuck it on to another root stock and let it grow from there," says Davidson.This process is called "grafting". It has been familiar to gardeners and farmers for thousands of years, so much so that it is easy to forget that it is remarkable.

Only with modern genetics have scientists begun to unravel the mysterious origins of the Hong Kong orchid tree. A study published in 2005 revealed that the strange flower is actually a hybrid of two known species; the pink-flowered butterfly tree (B. variegata), and the purple-flowered B. purpurea. This explains why the trees can only reproduce with human help, by taking cuttings. Just like a mule, B. blakeana is a sterile hybrid. Hybridisation is when a new species is produced by combining half of the DNA of one species with half of the DNA of another. It is a hit-and-miss exercise. Most of the time, it fails because the two halves of DNA are simply too different to work together. The majority of hybrid embryos never develop.

Even when a hybrid does develop into an adult, they are often sterile. We may never know how the original hybrid tree came to be there. But scientists are now using modern genomic techniques to understand the orchid tree better. Lawrence Ramsden of the University of Hong Kong was a member of the team that discovered B. blakeana's hybrid origin in 2005. He is now leading a search for mutant trees that are fertile. Such trees might exist: with a few mutations in the right places, a sterile B. blakeana could theoretically start producing viable seeds. If they do find a fertile B. blakeanatree, it might not be quite as beautiful as the sterile ones. That is because the flowers of sterile B. blakeana trees "stay in bloom longer because the plant doesn't put any energy into producing seeds," says Davidson.However, a fertile tree might just save the species. But until one is found, or one of the other approaches comes to fruition, the Hong Kong orchid tree will have to survive the way it has for the last century.

The orchid tree was chosen as Hong Kong's emblem because it represents the merging of old and new. So it seems apt that the plant is itself a hybrid, and that it might be saved by melding new technology with old-fashioned amateur naturalism.

14

Grafting…

1) is used by farmers only.

2) is a kind of cultivation.

3) is a simple process.

4) has been implemented recently.

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Hong Kong is a city of contrasts: of new technology and old traditions, of high-rise buildings and stunning countryside, a hybrid between the East and the West. The territory's flag bears a flower whose past, and future, are just as complicated. The flag of Hong Kong features a distinctive five-petalled white flower on a red background. This flower became Hong Kong's emblem when the territory was handed over to China in 1997.

But the true origin of this mysterious plant has only been revealed in recent years. It is now the subject of community conservation projects hoping to save it from extinction. The flower in question is a peculiar plant known as the Hong Kong orchid tree. It is a native of the island of Hong Kong.Despite its name it is not an orchid, but rather a tree in the legume family, the group that includes peas and beans. However, its distinctive 15cm flowers are reminiscent of orchid flowers, and the common name stuck.

The first Hong Kong orchid tree was found around 1880 by Jean-Marie Delavay, a French Catholic missionary out hiking in the countryside. Near a ruined building, he found a single tree with incredible magenta flowers, and took a cutting."He thought it was quite stunning, quite beautiful, and quite different to ones he had seen before, and so he took a cutting of it and brought it back to his sanatorium," says data scientist Rob Davidson. Sanatoriums were popular in colonial times as a place of respite and recovery for missionaries that had contracted tropical diseases on their travels.

It is believed that all the Hong Kong orchid trees alive today are descendants of this single plant."All the trees since then have been cultivated by hand, by someone who's taken a bit of an old tree, and stuck it on to another root stock and let it grow from there," says Davidson.This process is called "grafting". It has been familiar to gardeners and farmers for thousands of years, so much so that it is easy to forget that it is remarkable.

Only with modern genetics have scientists begun to unravel the mysterious origins of the Hong Kong orchid tree. A study published in 2005 revealed that the strange flower is actually a hybrid of two known species; the pink-flowered butterfly tree (B. variegata), and the purple-flowered B. purpurea. This explains why the trees can only reproduce with human help, by taking cuttings. Just like a mule, B. blakeana is a sterile hybrid. Hybridisation is when a new species is produced by combining half of the DNA of one species with half of the DNA of another. It is a hit-and-miss exercise. Most of the time, it fails because the two halves of DNA are simply too different to work together. The majority of hybrid embryos never develop.

Even when a hybrid does develop into an adult, they are often sterile. We may never know how the original hybrid tree came to be there. But scientists are now using modern genomic techniques to understand the orchid tree better. Lawrence Ramsden of the University of Hong Kong was a member of the team that discovered B. blakeana's hybrid origin in 2005. He is now leading a search for mutant trees that are fertile. Such trees might exist: with a few mutations in the right places, a sterile B. blakeana could theoretically start producing viable seeds. If they do find a fertile B. blakeanatree, it might not be quite as beautiful as the sterile ones. That is because the flowers of sterile B. blakeana trees "stay in bloom longer because the plant doesn't put any energy into producing seeds," says Davidson.However, a fertile tree might just save the species. But until one is found, or one of the other approaches comes to fruition, the Hong Kong orchid tree will have to survive the way it has for the last century.

The orchid tree was chosen as Hong Kong's emblem because it represents the merging of old and new. So it seems apt that the plant is itself a hybrid, and that it might be saved by melding new technology with old-fashioned amateur naturalism.

15

According to the genetic research, the flower on the flag …

1) can reproduce by itself.

2) is a parasite.

3) is a mutant.

4) can grow only in Asia.

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Hong Kong is a city of contrasts: of new technology and old traditions, of high-rise buildings and stunning countryside, a hybrid between the East and the West. The territory's flag bears a flower whose past, and future, are just as complicated. The flag of Hong Kong features a distinctive five-petalled white flower on a red background. This flower became Hong Kong's emblem when the territory was handed over to China in 1997.

But the true origin of this mysterious plant has only been revealed in recent years. It is now the subject of community conservation projects hoping to save it from extinction. The flower in question is a peculiar plant known as the Hong Kong orchid tree. It is a native of the island of Hong Kong.Despite its name it is not an orchid, but rather a tree in the legume family, the group that includes peas and beans. However, its distinctive 15cm flowers are reminiscent of orchid flowers, and the common name stuck.

The first Hong Kong orchid tree was found around 1880 by Jean-Marie Delavay, a French Catholic missionary out hiking in the countryside. Near a ruined building, he found a single tree with incredible magenta flowers, and took a cutting."He thought it was quite stunning, quite beautiful, and quite different to ones he had seen before, and so he took a cutting of it and brought it back to his sanatorium," says data scientist Rob Davidson. Sanatoriums were popular in colonial times as a place of respite and recovery for missionaries that had contracted tropical diseases on their travels.

It is believed that all the Hong Kong orchid trees alive today are descendants of this single plant."All the trees since then have been cultivated by hand, by someone who's taken a bit of an old tree, and stuck it on to another root stock and let it grow from there," says Davidson.This process is called "grafting". It has been familiar to gardeners and farmers for thousands of years, so much so that it is easy to forget that it is remarkable.

Only with modern genetics have scientists begun to unravel the mysterious origins of the Hong Kong orchid tree. A study published in 2005 revealed that the strange flower is actually a hybrid of two known species; the pink-flowered butterfly tree (B. variegata), and the purple-flowered B. purpurea. This explains why the trees can only reproduce with human help, by taking cuttings. Just like a mule, B. blakeana is a sterile hybrid. Hybridisation is when a new species is produced by combining half of the DNA of one species with half of the DNA of another. It is a hit-and-miss exercise. Most of the time, it fails because the two halves of DNA are simply too different to work together. The majority of hybrid embryos never develop.

Even when a hybrid does develop into an adult, they are often sterile. We may never know how the original hybrid tree came to be there. But scientists are now using modern genomic techniques to understand the orchid tree better. Lawrence Ramsden of the University of Hong Kong was a member of the team that discovered B. blakeana's hybrid origin in 2005. He is now leading a search for mutant trees that are fertile. Such trees might exist: with a few mutations in the right places, a sterile B. blakeana could theoretically start producing viable seeds. If they do find a fertile B. blakeanatree, it might not be quite as beautiful as the sterile ones. That is because the flowers of sterile B. blakeana trees "stay in bloom longer because the plant doesn't put any energy into producing seeds," says Davidson.However, a fertile tree might just save the species. But until one is found, or one of the other approaches comes to fruition, the Hong Kong orchid tree will have to survive the way it has for the last century.

The orchid tree was chosen as Hong Kong's emblem because it represents the merging of old and new. So it seems apt that the plant is itself a hybrid, and that it might be saved by melding new technology with old-fashioned amateur naturalism.

16

The fertile orchid tree…

1) is more beautiful than the sterile one.

2) stays in bloom longer that the sterile one.

3) doesn’t exist.

4) has been found.

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Hong Kong is a city of contrasts: of new technology and old traditions, of high-rise buildings and stunning countryside, a hybrid between the East and the West. The territory's flag bears a flower whose past, and future, are just as complicated. The flag of Hong Kong features a distinctive five-petalled white flower on a red background. This flower became Hong Kong's emblem when the territory was handed over to China in 1997.

But the true origin of this mysterious plant has only been revealed in recent years. It is now the subject of community conservation projects hoping to save it from extinction. The flower in question is a peculiar plant known as the Hong Kong orchid tree. It is a native of the island of Hong Kong.Despite its name it is not an orchid, but rather a tree in the legume family, the group that includes peas and beans. However, its distinctive 15cm flowers are reminiscent of orchid flowers, and the common name stuck.

The first Hong Kong orchid tree was found around 1880 by Jean-Marie Delavay, a French Catholic missionary out hiking in the countryside. Near a ruined building, he found a single tree with incredible magenta flowers, and took a cutting."He thought it was quite stunning, quite beautiful, and quite different to ones he had seen before, and so he took a cutting of it and brought it back to his sanatorium," says data scientist Rob Davidson. Sanatoriums were popular in colonial times as a place of respite and recovery for missionaries that had contracted tropical diseases on their travels.

It is believed that all the Hong Kong orchid trees alive today are descendants of this single plant."All the trees since then have been cultivated by hand, by someone who's taken a bit of an old tree, and stuck it on to another root stock and let it grow from there," says Davidson.This process is called "grafting". It has been familiar to gardeners and farmers for thousands of years, so much so that it is easy to forget that it is remarkable.

Only with modern genetics have scientists begun to unravel the mysterious origins of the Hong Kong orchid tree. A study published in 2005 revealed that the strange flower is actually a hybrid of two known species; the pink-flowered butterfly tree (B. variegata), and the purple-flowered B. purpurea. This explains why the trees can only reproduce with human help, by taking cuttings. Just like a mule, B. blakeana is a sterile hybrid. Hybridisation is when a new species is produced by combining half of the DNA of one species with half of the DNA of another. It is a hit-and-miss exercise. Most of the time, it fails because the two halves of DNA are simply too different to work together. The majority of hybrid embryos never develop.

Even when a hybrid does develop into an adult, they are often sterile. We may never know how the original hybrid tree came to be there. But scientists are now using modern genomic techniques to understand the orchid tree better. Lawrence Ramsden of the University of Hong Kong was a member of the team that discovered B. blakeana's hybrid origin in 2005. He is now leading a search for mutant trees that are fertile. Such trees might exist: with a few mutations in the right places, a sterile B. blakeana could theoretically start producing viable seeds. If they do find a fertile B. blakeanatree, it might not be quite as beautiful as the sterile ones. That is because the flowers of sterile B. blakeana trees "stay in bloom longer because the plant doesn't put any energy into producing seeds," says Davidson.However, a fertile tree might just save the species. But until one is found, or one of the other approaches comes to fruition, the Hong Kong orchid tree will have to survive the way it has for the last century.

The orchid tree was chosen as Hong Kong's emblem because it represents the merging of old and new. So it seems apt that the plant is itself a hybrid, and that it might be saved by melding new technology with old-fashioned amateur naturalism.

17

What does “apt” mean?

1) Appropriate

2) Elegant

3) Obvious

4) Important

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Hong Kong is a city of contrasts: of new technology and old traditions, of high-rise buildings and stunning countryside, a hybrid between the East and the West. The territory's flag bears a flower whose past, and future, are just as complicated. The flag of Hong Kong features a distinctive five-petalled white flower on a red background. This flower became Hong Kong's emblem when the territory was handed over to China in 1997.

But the true origin of this mysterious plant has only been revealed in recent years. It is now the subject of community conservation projects hoping to save it from extinction. The flower in question is a peculiar plant known as the Hong Kong orchid tree. It is a native of the island of Hong Kong.Despite its name it is not an orchid, but rather a tree in the legume family, the group that includes peas and beans. However, its distinctive 15cm flowers are reminiscent of orchid flowers, and the common name stuck.

The first Hong Kong orchid tree was found around 1880 by Jean-Marie Delavay, a French Catholic missionary out hiking in the countryside. Near a ruined building, he found a single tree with incredible magenta flowers, and took a cutting."He thought it was quite stunning, quite beautiful, and quite different to ones he had seen before, and so he took a cutting of it and brought it back to his sanatorium," says data scientist Rob Davidson. Sanatoriums were popular in colonial times as a place of respite and recovery for missionaries that had contracted tropical diseases on their travels.

It is believed that all the Hong Kong orchid trees alive today are descendants of this single plant."All the trees since then have been cultivated by hand, by someone who's taken a bit of an old tree, and stuck it on to another root stock and let it grow from there," says Davidson.This process is called "grafting". It has been familiar to gardeners and farmers for thousands of years, so much so that it is easy to forget that it is remarkable.

Only with modern genetics have scientists begun to unravel the mysterious origins of the Hong Kong orchid tree. A study published in 2005 revealed that the strange flower is actually a hybrid of two known species; the pink-flowered butterfly tree (B. variegata), and the purple-flowered B. purpurea. This explains why the trees can only reproduce with human help, by taking cuttings. Just like a mule, B. blakeana is a sterile hybrid. Hybridisation is when a new species is produced by combining half of the DNA of one species with half of the DNA of another. It is a hit-and-miss exercise. Most of the time, it fails because the two halves of DNA are simply too different to work together. The majority of hybrid embryos never develop.

Even when a hybrid does develop into an adult, they are often sterile. We may never know how the original hybrid tree came to be there. But scientists are now using modern genomic techniques to understand the orchid tree better. Lawrence Ramsden of the University of Hong Kong was a member of the team that discovered B. blakeana's hybrid origin in 2005. He is now leading a search for mutant trees that are fertile. Such trees might exist: with a few mutations in the right places, a sterile B. blakeana could theoretically start producing viable seeds. If they do find a fertile B. blakeanatree, it might not be quite as beautiful as the sterile ones. That is because the flowers of sterile B. blakeana trees "stay in bloom longer because the plant doesn't put any energy into producing seeds," says Davidson.However, a fertile tree might just save the species. But until one is found, or one of the other approaches comes to fruition, the Hong Kong orchid tree will have to survive the way it has for the last century.

The orchid tree was chosen as Hong Kong's emblem because it represents the merging of old and new. So it seems apt that the plant is itself a hybrid, and that it might be saved by melding new technology with old-fashioned amateur naturalism.

18

What does the flower on the flag symbolize?

1) Welcome of new technologies

2) Respect for traditions

3) Cooperation between traditional and modern

4) Green philosophy

Прочитайте приведенные ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слово, напечатанное заглавными буквами после текста, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста. Впишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

The lost art of losing

19

Nearly 20 years ago a valuable portrait __________, in bizarre circumstances, from a gallery in the northern Italian city of Piacenza.

STOLE

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The lost art of losing

20

Until recently there appeared to be little prospect of it ever being recovered - but then police received some perplexing new information, and they now think it ___________ back in the city within weeks or months.

BE

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The lost art of losing

21

Carabiniere Sgt Maj Salvatore Cavallaro was on a ladder ___________ out on to the roof of Piacenza's Ricci-Oddi gallery through a partially open skylight.

LOOK

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The lost art of losing

22

"It doesn't fit," he shouted to his colleagues below, as he compared the size of a heavy gilded frame on the roof beside the skylight with the narrow opening (it was much _________ than the police expected). "No way the thief could have fished the painting from up here."

BIG

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The lost art of losing

23

Ten months before the incident the Portrait of a Lady ______________ in a drama of a different kind, thanks to a sharp-eyed 18-year-old art student, Claudia Maga.

While flipping through The Complete works of Gustav Klimt she had noticed a strong resemblance between The Lady and another Klimt painting, Portrait of a Young Lady, that had not been seen since 1912.

INVOLVE

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The lost art of losing

24

Maga got the gallery's former director, Ferdinando Arisi, interested in her theory. A few weeks later he picked her up from art school, drove her to the gallery, and removed the portrait from its frame. ____________it in brown paper they headed for the local hospital, where sure enough a series of X-rays revealed the dim shadow of the earlier work beneath the surface.

WRAP

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The lost art of losing

25

The story behind the painting was the next surprise. Klimt had fallen madly in love with a young girl from Vienna, it was said, who had quickly become his muse. Then, when she suddenly died, he painted over _________portrait to forget the pain of his loss.

SHE

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26

The __________ of Katie Kitamura’s third novel, “A Separation” (Riverhead), is a literary translator, a job that appeals to her because of its “potential for passivity.”

PLEASE

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27

Today, the dinner table can instead begin to feel like a minefield. Is the bacon on your plate culinary asbestos, and will the wheat in your toast give you “grain brain”? Even the bubbles of gas in your fizzy drinks have been considered _____________

HAZARD

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28

Worse still, the advice changes continually. As TV-cook Nigella Lawson __________ put it: “You can guarantee that what people think will be good for you this year, they won’t next year.”

RECENT

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29

This may be somewhat inevitable: evidence-based health advice should be constantly updated as new studies explore the nuances of what we eat and the effects the meals have on our bodies. But when the media (and ill-informed health gurus) exaggerate the results of a study without providing the context, it can lead to ____________ fears that may, ironically, push you towards less healthy choices.

NECESSARY

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30

We’ve tried to cut through the ___________ by weighing up all the available evidence to date. You may be pleased to learn that many of your favourite foods are not the ticking time bomb you have been led to believe.

CONFUSE

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слова, напечатанного заглавными буквами после текста, однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста. Запишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

31

Artificial __________ may be the lesser of two evils – they may carry some risks, but are still healthier than the full-sugar alternatives.

SWEET

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Danny Garcia wants you to respond to his emails — pronto. Take too 32 ____________and he starts getting anxious. He even lies 33_____________at night wondering when you’ll reply.Sending emails creates anxiety for Garcia. Butterflies churn in his stomach from the moment he 34 ______________ send.

That might sound extreme, but actually, it’s not all that uncommon. Waiting 35 _____________ a response can sometimes be anxiety-inducing under the best circumstances. With hundreds of emails finding their way into our inboxes every day, it’s nearly impossible to answer 36 _______________one immediately — if at all.

Plenty of research documents the stress that an overflowing inbox of unread messages can cause — one study found that getting constant email notifications during the day and checking emails in the morning and night 37 ___________increased levels of anxiety. But there are no statistics or research on just how anxious people get when e-mails go unanswered, at least none labelled as 38 _________ according to the American Psychological Association.

32

1) long 2) much 3) many 4) big

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Danny Garcia wants you to respond to his emails — pronto. Take too 32 ____________and he starts getting anxious. He even lies 33_____________at night wondering when you’ll reply.Sending emails creates anxiety for Garcia. Butterflies churn in his stomach from the moment he 34 ______________ send.

That might sound extreme, but actually, it’s not all that uncommon. Waiting 35 _____________ a response can sometimes be anxiety-inducing under the best circumstances. With hundreds of emails finding their way into our inboxes every day, it’s nearly impossible to answer 36 _______________one immediately — if at all.

Plenty of research documents the stress that an overflowing inbox of unread messages can cause — one study found that getting constant email notifications during the day and checking emails in the morning and night 37 ___________increased levels of anxiety. But there are no statistics or research on just how anxious people get when e-mails go unanswered, at least none labelled as 38 _________ according to the American Psychological Association.

33

1) asleep 2) tired 3) awake 4) sleepy

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Danny Garcia wants you to respond to his emails — pronto. Take too 32 ____________and he starts getting anxious. He even lies 33_____________at night wondering when you’ll reply.Sending emails creates anxiety for Garcia. Butterflies churn in his stomach from the moment he 34 ______________ send.

That might sound extreme, but actually, it’s not all that uncommon. Waiting 35 _____________ a response can sometimes be anxiety-inducing under the best circumstances. With hundreds of emails finding their way into our inboxes every day, it’s nearly impossible to answer 36 _______________one immediately — if at all.

Plenty of research documents the stress that an overflowing inbox of unread messages can cause — one study found that getting constant email notifications during the day and checking emails in the morning and night 37 ___________increased levels of anxiety. But there are no statistics or research on just how anxious people get when e-mails go unanswered, at least none labelled as 38 _________ according to the American Psychological Association.

34

1) clicks 2) kicks 3) beats 4) opens

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Danny Garcia wants you to respond to his emails — pronto. Take too 32 ____________and he starts getting anxious. He even lies 33_____________at night wondering when you’ll reply.Sending emails creates anxiety for Garcia. Butterflies churn in his stomach from the moment he 34 ______________ send.

That might sound extreme, but actually, it’s not all that uncommon. Waiting 35 _____________ a response can sometimes be anxiety-inducing under the best circumstances. With hundreds of emails finding their way into our inboxes every day, it’s nearly impossible to answer 36 _______________one immediately — if at all.

Plenty of research documents the stress that an overflowing inbox of unread messages can cause — one study found that getting constant email notifications during the day and checking emails in the morning and night 37 ___________increased levels of anxiety. But there are no statistics or research on just how anxious people get when e-mails go unanswered, at least none labelled as 38 _________ according to the American Psychological Association.

35

1) on 2) for 3) with 4) from

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Danny Garcia wants you to respond to his emails — pronto. Take too 32 ____________and he starts getting anxious. He even lies 33_____________at night wondering when you’ll reply.Sending emails creates anxiety for Garcia. Butterflies churn in his stomach from the moment he 34 ______________ send.

That might sound extreme, but actually, it’s not all that uncommon. Waiting 35 _____________ a response can sometimes be anxiety-inducing under the best circumstances. With hundreds of emails finding their way into our inboxes every day, it’s nearly impossible to answer 36 _______________one immediately — if at all.

Plenty of research documents the stress that an overflowing inbox of unread messages can cause — one study found that getting constant email notifications during the day and checking emails in the morning and night 37 ___________increased levels of anxiety. But there are no statistics or research on just how anxious people get when e-mails go unanswered, at least none labelled as 38 _________ according to the American Psychological Association.

36

1) every 2) any 3) some 4) many

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Danny Garcia wants you to respond to his emails — pronto. Take too 32 ____________and he starts getting anxious. He even lies 33_____________at night wondering when you’ll reply.Sending emails creates anxiety for Garcia. Butterflies churn in his stomach from the moment he 34 ______________ send.

That might sound extreme, but actually, it’s not all that uncommon. Waiting 35 _____________ a response can sometimes be anxiety-inducing under the best circumstances. With hundreds of emails finding their way into our inboxes every day, it’s nearly impossible to answer 36 _______________one immediately — if at all.

Plenty of research documents the stress that an overflowing inbox of unread messages can cause — one study found that getting constant email notifications during the day and checking emails in the morning and night 37 ___________increased levels of anxiety. But there are no statistics or research on just how anxious people get when e-mails go unanswered, at least none labelled as 38 _________ according to the American Psychological Association.

37

1) collected 2) did 3) showed 4) created

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Danny Garcia wants you to respond to his emails — pronto. Take too 32 ____________and he starts getting anxious. He even lies 33_____________at night wondering when you’ll reply.Sending emails creates anxiety for Garcia. Butterflies churn in his stomach from the moment he 34 ______________ send.

That might sound extreme, but actually, it’s not all that uncommon. Waiting 35 _____________ a response can sometimes be anxiety-inducing under the best circumstances. With hundreds of emails finding their way into our inboxes every day, it’s nearly impossible to answer 36 _______________one immediately — if at all.

Plenty of research documents the stress that an overflowing inbox of unread messages can cause — one study found that getting constant email notifications during the day and checking emails in the morning and night 37 ___________increased levels of anxiety. But there are no statistics or research on just how anxious people get when e-mails go unanswered, at least none labelled as 38 _________ according to the American Psychological Association.

38

1) so 2) such 3) this 4) that

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Nicole who writes:

…Last weekend was my mom’s anniversary and we had a family gathering. We entertained more than 25 people and lived on leftovers for 2 days after the event. What do you usually cook for special occasions? How often do you entertain people in your family? Do you normally celebrate your family holidays at home, or go to a café or to a club?

Oh, before I forget, my middle brother won our school tennis tournament…

Write a letter to Nicole.

In your letter

• answer his questions,
• ask 3 questions about her middle brother.

Write 100—140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

You have 20 minutes to do this task.

Comment on the following statement:

1. The circus is the best entertainment for children.

2. Young people like travelling more than senior citizens.

What is your opinion?

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:

− make an introduction (state the problem)

− express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion

− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion

− explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

− make a conclusion restating your position