Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1. Some countries offer good career opportunities for beginning teachers.

2. Don’t hesitate to write to the employer if you need the job.

3. Teaching as a way to change your life.

4. Relatives are happy when you decide not to teach abroad.

5. Teaching abroad doesn’t seem nice to some people.

6. My relative is a role model for me in terms of working abroad.

7. I’m going to spend my gap year teaching English abroad.

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A. The tourist has visited England before.

B. There is a number of sightseeing attractions in Windsor besides Windsor Castle.

C. The tourist hopes to see the Queen in Windsor.

D. The Household Cavalry Museum occupies a part of Windsor Castle.

E. The tourist wants to see Windsor Great Park on a separate day.

F. The receptionist claims that most tourists need more than one day to spend in Windsor.

G. The tourist wants to buy postcards with the town views.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3

The presenter introduces Stan Sheff as a…

1) theatre designer.

2) sound artist.

3) talented musician.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

4

Which of the following is TRUE about Stan’s latest performance?

1) It is based on a long term project.

2) It is both challenging and exciting.

3) The room was decorated in dark colours.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

5

What did Stan and his partner try to achieve with their experiments?

1) The creation of new types of speakers.

2) The proper application of old-fashioned objects.

3) The effect of producing sound images.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

6

Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Stan as an outcome of the experiments?

1) New methods of music recording.

2) New design of concert halls.

3) New types of DVDs.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

7

The building housing the Audium once housed?

1) a coffee shop.

2) a bakery.

3) an office for National Endowment for the Arts.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

8

What does Stan say about the Audium’s program?

1) It’s almost ten years old.

2) It’s a completely live performance.

3) It needs a change.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

9

Stan says that while performing he…

1) misses his mother-in-law.

2) wishes to be dispassionate.

3) pays attention to who is in audience.

Установите соответствие заголовков 1–8 абзацам текста А–G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

A. A “rollicking” anti-lawyer revenge fantasy by Walt Whitman, which challenges previously held ideas about the American poet’s transition from prose to poetry, has been found in the archives of a Victorian New York Sunday newspaper. Though published anonymously, the book matches a detailed synopsis in the poet’s notebook for a project academics had thought abandoned. Entitled The Life and Adventures of Jack Engle, the book has just been published free online by the Walt Whitman Quarterly Review.

B. Zachary Turpin of the University of Houston discovered the novel in Manhattan-based newspaper the Sunday Dispatch. Set in New York, it was serialised in 1852 and written at the same time as the poet began work on his landmark epic poem Leaves of Grass, published three years later. Described by Turpin as “a fun, rollicking, creative, twisty, bizarre little book”, Jack Engle is a classic rags-to-riches orphan’s story about a corrupt lawyer, Mr Covert, who tries to trick his ward Martha out of her inheritance. Jack, who works for Covert, sets out to save his fellow orphan and in the process discovers his fate is tied up with hers. In true Dickensian style, Whitman appears to settle old scores in the book: the writer’s father was also swindled by a New York lawyer.

C. Turpin found the 36,000-word novel as he ploughed through the prolific author’s “odds and ends” in the Integrated Catalog of Walt Whitman’s Literary Manuscripts, a comprehensive list of the poet’s surviving papers, jottings, manuscript drafts, scraps and notebooks. Among the scraps, a series of character names appeared: Covert, Jack Engle, Wigglesworth and Smytthe. Painstaking detective work led him to a tiny notice from 1852 in the New York Daily Times (now the New York Times) advertising the serialisation in the Sunday Dispatch of an autobiography, The Life and Adventures of Jack Engle.

D. “Something about it just seemed right,” the academic said. “The name Jack Engle. The year. The newspaper (to which we know Whitman had contributed before).” The clincher came when he matched the character names from Whitman’s notebook with those in the published story. “I couldn’t believe that, for a few minutes, I was the only person on Earth who knew about this book.”

E. The discovery is significant not only for its rarity. The extent of Whitman’s prose fiction was previously unknown. The book reveals he grappled with a desire to find the right form in which to express his ideas. “The Whitman we see in Jack Engle is not yet the confident, committed poet we now take him to have always been,” Turpin explained. “It is during this vital time that he’s experimenting, trying on different genres and modes of writing, looking for one that’s ample and expansive enough to express what Emerson would call ‘the infinitude of the private man’.”

F. Folsom agreed the novel revealed Whitman’s struggle with form and that it gives a precise time for his move into poetry. In chapter 19, the plot comes to an abrupt end as Jack wanders through a graveyard and the plots of the buried merge into endless lost life stories. As he contemplates these lost plots, Jack feel the grass covering his own face. Folsom said: “I sense at this moment Whitman is discovering why conventional plots will no longer serve for the kind of writing he feels he has to accomplish, and this novel thus lets us experience the moment in the process of Whitman’s development when he realises fiction simply will not serve the kind of creative work he will devote the rest of his life to.”

G. A revival in Whitman’s work may be due. “The Whitman of the early 1850s is absolutely ablaze,” said Turpin, who has form in finding unusual lost works by Whitman. Last year, he discovered a book-length guide to “manly health” by the poet, which tackled everything from virility to foot care and exercise. Hinting that more may be mined from the archives, Turpin added: “This new novel may also indicate that he didn’t give up prose. God knows – he could have, and probably did, write several more novels, if not many more than that. For all we know, they could be hiding in plain sight. Exciting, isn’t it?”

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу

You’re out to lunch with someone you’ve known for a few years. Together you’ve held parties, celebrated birthdays, A ________________________. You’ve even been on holiday together. In all, they’ve spent quite a lot of money on you – roughly £63,224. The thing is: you can’t remember any of it.

From the most dramatic moment in life – the day of your birth – to first steps, first words, first food, right up to nursery school, B _____________________. Even after our precious first memory, the recollections tend to be few and far between until well into our childhood. How come?

Probing that mental blank throws up some intriguing questions. Did your earliest memories actually happen, C ________________? Can we remember events without the words to describe them? And might it one day be possible to claim your missing memories back?

Part of the puzzle comes from the fact that babies are, in other ways, sponges for new information, D _____________________________to make the most accomplished polyglot green with envy. The latest research suggests E ____________________before they’ve even left the womb.

But even as adults, information is lost over time if there’s no attempt to retain it. So one explanation is F _____________________________we experience throughout our lives.

1. or are they simply made up

2. visited parks and bonded over your mutual love of ice cream

3. they begin training their minds

4. and we have no idea of how to recollect it

5. most of us can’t remember anything of our first few years

6. forming 700 new neural connections every second and wielding language-learning skills

7. that infant amnesia is simply a result of the natural process of forgetting the things

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

The pressure to be positive has never been greater. Cultural forces have whipped up a frenzied pursuit of happiness, spawning billion-dollar book sales, a cottage industry in self-help and plastering inspirational quotes all over the internet. Now you can hire a happiness expert, undertake training in ‘mindfulness’ meanwhile the ‘happiness index’ has become an indicator of national wellbeing to rival GDP.

The truth is, pondering the worst has some clear advantages. Cranks may be superior negotiators, more discerning decision-makers and cut their risk of having a heart attack. Cynics can expect more stable marriages, higher earnings and longer lives – though, of course, they’ll anticipate the opposite. Good moods on the other hand come with substantial risks – sapping your drive, dimming attention to detail and making you simultaneously gullible and selfish

At the centre of it all is the notion our feelings are adaptive: anger, sadness and pessimism aren’t divine cruelty or sheer random bad luck – they evolved to serve useful functions and help us thrive.

Take anger. From Newton’s obsessive grudges to Beethoven’s tantrums it seems as though visionary geniuses often come with extremely short tempers. There are plenty of examples to be found in Silicon Valley. Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is famed for his angry outbursts and insults yet they haven’t stopped him building a $300 billion company.

For years, the link remained a mystery. Then in 2009 Matthijs Baas from the University of Amsterdam decided to investigate. He recruited a group of willing students and set to work making them angry in the name of science. Half the students were asked to recall something which had irritated them and write a short essay about it. Next the two teams were pitched against each other in a game designed to test their creativity. They had 16 minutes to think of as many ways as possible to improve education at the psychology department. As Baas expected, the angry team produced more ideas – at least to begin with. Their contributions were also more original, repeated by less than 1% of the study’s participants.

Crucially, angry volunteers were better at moments of haphazard innovation, or so-called “unstructured” thinking. Let’s say you’re challenged to think about possible uses for a brick. While a systematic thinker might suggest ten different kinds of building, it takes a less structured approach to invent a new use altogether, such as turning it into a weapon.

In essence, creativity is down to how easily your mind is diverted from one thought path and onto another. In a situation requiring fight or flight, it’s easy to see how turning into a literal “mad genius” could be life-saving.“Anger really prepares the body to mobilise resources – it tells you that the situation you’re in is bad and gives you an energetic boost to get you out of it,” says Baas.

So the next time someone tells you to “cheer up” – why not tell them how you’re improving your sense of fairness, reducing unemployment and saving the world economy? You’ll be having the last laugh – even if it is a world-weary, cynical snort.

12

What is NOT mentioned in the text as the consequence of being positive pressure?

1) Self-help books

2) Appearance of happiness trainers

3) Inspirational quotes

4) TV programmes

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

The pressure to be positive has never been greater. Cultural forces have whipped up a frenzied pursuit of happiness, spawning billion-dollar book sales, a cottage industry in self-help and plastering inspirational quotes all over the internet. Now you can hire a happiness expert, undertake training in ‘mindfulness’ meanwhile the ‘happiness index’ has become an indicator of national wellbeing to rival GDP.

The truth is, pondering the worst has some clear advantages. Cranks may be superior negotiators, more discerning decision-makers and cut their risk of having a heart attack. Cynics can expect more stable marriages, higher earnings and longer lives – though, of course, they’ll anticipate the opposite. Good moods on the other hand come with substantial risks – sapping your drive, dimming attention to detail and making you simultaneously gullible and selfish

At the centre of it all is the notion our feelings are adaptive: anger, sadness and pessimism aren’t divine cruelty or sheer random bad luck – they evolved to serve useful functions and help us thrive.

Take anger. From Newton’s obsessive grudges to Beethoven’s tantrums it seems as though visionary geniuses often come with extremely short tempers. There are plenty of examples to be found in Silicon Valley. Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is famed for his angry outbursts and insults yet they haven’t stopped him building a $300 billion company.

For years, the link remained a mystery. Then in 2009 Matthijs Baas from the University of Amsterdam decided to investigate. He recruited a group of willing students and set to work making them angry in the name of science. Half the students were asked to recall something which had irritated them and write a short essay about it. Next the two teams were pitched against each other in a game designed to test their creativity. They had 16 minutes to think of as many ways as possible to improve education at the psychology department. As Baas expected, the angry team produced more ideas – at least to begin with. Their contributions were also more original, repeated by less than 1% of the study’s participants.

Crucially, angry volunteers were better at moments of haphazard innovation, or so-called “unstructured” thinking. Let’s say you’re challenged to think about possible uses for a brick. While a systematic thinker might suggest ten different kinds of building, it takes a less structured approach to invent a new use altogether, such as turning it into a weapon.

In essence, creativity is down to how easily your mind is diverted from one thought path and onto another. In a situation requiring fight or flight, it’s easy to see how turning into a literal “mad genius” could be life-saving.“Anger really prepares the body to mobilise resources – it tells you that the situation you’re in is bad and gives you an energetic boost to get you out of it,” says Baas.

So the next time someone tells you to “cheer up” – why not tell them how you’re improving your sense of fairness, reducing unemployment and saving the world economy? You’ll be having the last laugh – even if it is a world-weary, cynical snort.

13

Which of the following is the cynics likely to anticipate?

1) Stable marriage

2) Heart problem

3) Higher income

4) Longer life

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

The pressure to be positive has never been greater. Cultural forces have whipped up a frenzied pursuit of happiness, spawning billion-dollar book sales, a cottage industry in self-help and plastering inspirational quotes all over the internet. Now you can hire a happiness expert, undertake training in ‘mindfulness’ meanwhile the ‘happiness index’ has become an indicator of national wellbeing to rival GDP.

The truth is, pondering the worst has some clear advantages. Cranks may be superior negotiators, more discerning decision-makers and cut their risk of having a heart attack. Cynics can expect more stable marriages, higher earnings and longer lives – though, of course, they’ll anticipate the opposite. Good moods on the other hand come with substantial risks – sapping your drive, dimming attention to detail and making you simultaneously gullible and selfish

At the centre of it all is the notion our feelings are adaptive: anger, sadness and pessimism aren’t divine cruelty or sheer random bad luck – they evolved to serve useful functions and help us thrive.

Take anger. From Newton’s obsessive grudges to Beethoven’s tantrums it seems as though visionary geniuses often come with extremely short tempers. There are plenty of examples to be found in Silicon Valley. Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is famed for his angry outbursts and insults yet they haven’t stopped him building a $300 billion company.

For years, the link remained a mystery. Then in 2009 Matthijs Baas from the University of Amsterdam decided to investigate. He recruited a group of willing students and set to work making them angry in the name of science. Half the students were asked to recall something which had irritated them and write a short essay about it. Next the two teams were pitched against each other in a game designed to test their creativity. They had 16 minutes to think of as many ways as possible to improve education at the psychology department. As Baas expected, the angry team produced more ideas – at least to begin with. Their contributions were also more original, repeated by less than 1% of the study’s participants.

Crucially, angry volunteers were better at moments of haphazard innovation, or so-called “unstructured” thinking. Let’s say you’re challenged to think about possible uses for a brick. While a systematic thinker might suggest ten different kinds of building, it takes a less structured approach to invent a new use altogether, such as turning it into a weapon.

In essence, creativity is down to how easily your mind is diverted from one thought path and onto another. In a situation requiring fight or flight, it’s easy to see how turning into a literal “mad genius” could be life-saving.“Anger really prepares the body to mobilise resources – it tells you that the situation you’re in is bad and gives you an energetic boost to get you out of it,” says Baas.

So the next time someone tells you to “cheer up” – why not tell them how you’re improving your sense of fairness, reducing unemployment and saving the world economy? You’ll be having the last laugh – even if it is a world-weary, cynical snort.

14

What is TRUE about anger:

1) It can help you to get rich

2) It serves a useful function

3) It is a sign of a genius

4) It can bring problems with law

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

The pressure to be positive has never been greater. Cultural forces have whipped up a frenzied pursuit of happiness, spawning billion-dollar book sales, a cottage industry in self-help and plastering inspirational quotes all over the internet. Now you can hire a happiness expert, undertake training in ‘mindfulness’ meanwhile the ‘happiness index’ has become an indicator of national wellbeing to rival GDP.

The truth is, pondering the worst has some clear advantages. Cranks may be superior negotiators, more discerning decision-makers and cut their risk of having a heart attack. Cynics can expect more stable marriages, higher earnings and longer lives – though, of course, they’ll anticipate the opposite. Good moods on the other hand come with substantial risks – sapping your drive, dimming attention to detail and making you simultaneously gullible and selfish

At the centre of it all is the notion our feelings are adaptive: anger, sadness and pessimism aren’t divine cruelty or sheer random bad luck – they evolved to serve useful functions and help us thrive.

Take anger. From Newton’s obsessive grudges to Beethoven’s tantrums it seems as though visionary geniuses often come with extremely short tempers. There are plenty of examples to be found in Silicon Valley. Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is famed for his angry outbursts and insults yet they haven’t stopped him building a $300 billion company.

For years, the link remained a mystery. Then in 2009 Matthijs Baas from the University of Amsterdam decided to investigate. He recruited a group of willing students and set to work making them angry in the name of science. Half the students were asked to recall something which had irritated them and write a short essay about it. Next the two teams were pitched against each other in a game designed to test their creativity. They had 16 minutes to think of as many ways as possible to improve education at the psychology department. As Baas expected, the angry team produced more ideas – at least to begin with. Their contributions were also more original, repeated by less than 1% of the study’s participants.

Crucially, angry volunteers were better at moments of haphazard innovation, or so-called “unstructured” thinking. Let’s say you’re challenged to think about possible uses for a brick. While a systematic thinker might suggest ten different kinds of building, it takes a less structured approach to invent a new use altogether, such as turning it into a weapon.

In essence, creativity is down to how easily your mind is diverted from one thought path and onto another. In a situation requiring fight or flight, it’s easy to see how turning into a literal “mad genius” could be life-saving.“Anger really prepares the body to mobilise resources – it tells you that the situation you’re in is bad and gives you an energetic boost to get you out of it,” says Baas.

So the next time someone tells you to “cheer up” – why not tell them how you’re improving your sense of fairness, reducing unemployment and saving the world economy? You’ll be having the last laugh – even if it is a world-weary, cynical snort.

15

What did Matthijs Baas’ study show?

1) The angry team was less productive

2) The angry team communicated better

3) The angry team was more creative

4) The angry team had quarreled more

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

The pressure to be positive has never been greater. Cultural forces have whipped up a frenzied pursuit of happiness, spawning billion-dollar book sales, a cottage industry in self-help and plastering inspirational quotes all over the internet. Now you can hire a happiness expert, undertake training in ‘mindfulness’ meanwhile the ‘happiness index’ has become an indicator of national wellbeing to rival GDP.

The truth is, pondering the worst has some clear advantages. Cranks may be superior negotiators, more discerning decision-makers and cut their risk of having a heart attack. Cynics can expect more stable marriages, higher earnings and longer lives – though, of course, they’ll anticipate the opposite. Good moods on the other hand come with substantial risks – sapping your drive, dimming attention to detail and making you simultaneously gullible and selfish

At the centre of it all is the notion our feelings are adaptive: anger, sadness and pessimism aren’t divine cruelty or sheer random bad luck – they evolved to serve useful functions and help us thrive.

Take anger. From Newton’s obsessive grudges to Beethoven’s tantrums it seems as though visionary geniuses often come with extremely short tempers. There are plenty of examples to be found in Silicon Valley. Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is famed for his angry outbursts and insults yet they haven’t stopped him building a $300 billion company.

For years, the link remained a mystery. Then in 2009 Matthijs Baas from the University of Amsterdam decided to investigate. He recruited a group of willing students and set to work making them angry in the name of science. Half the students were asked to recall something which had irritated them and write a short essay about it. Next the two teams were pitched against each other in a game designed to test their creativity. They had 16 minutes to think of as many ways as possible to improve education at the psychology department. As Baas expected, the angry team produced more ideas – at least to begin with. Their contributions were also more original, repeated by less than 1% of the study’s participants.

Crucially, angry volunteers were better at moments of haphazard innovation, or so-called “unstructured” thinking. Let’s say you’re challenged to think about possible uses for a brick. While a systematic thinker might suggest ten different kinds of building, it takes a less structured approach to invent a new use altogether, such as turning it into a weapon.

In essence, creativity is down to how easily your mind is diverted from one thought path and onto another. In a situation requiring fight or flight, it’s easy to see how turning into a literal “mad genius” could be life-saving.“Anger really prepares the body to mobilise resources – it tells you that the situation you’re in is bad and gives you an energetic boost to get you out of it,” says Baas.

So the next time someone tells you to “cheer up” – why not tell them how you’re improving your sense of fairness, reducing unemployment and saving the world economy? You’ll be having the last laugh – even if it is a world-weary, cynical snort.

16

What conclusion did Matthijs Baas make?

1) Anger helps you to find a weapon

2) Anger helps you out from a difficult situation

3) Anger and problem solving aren’t connected

4) Anger is the reason humanity survived

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

The pressure to be positive has never been greater. Cultural forces have whipped up a frenzied pursuit of happiness, spawning billion-dollar book sales, a cottage industry in self-help and plastering inspirational quotes all over the internet. Now you can hire a happiness expert, undertake training in ‘mindfulness’ meanwhile the ‘happiness index’ has become an indicator of national wellbeing to rival GDP.

The truth is, pondering the worst has some clear advantages. Cranks may be superior negotiators, more discerning decision-makers and cut their risk of having a heart attack. Cynics can expect more stable marriages, higher earnings and longer lives – though, of course, they’ll anticipate the opposite. Good moods on the other hand come with substantial risks – sapping your drive, dimming attention to detail and making you simultaneously gullible and selfish

At the centre of it all is the notion our feelings are adaptive: anger, sadness and pessimism aren’t divine cruelty or sheer random bad luck – they evolved to serve useful functions and help us thrive.

Take anger. From Newton’s obsessive grudges to Beethoven’s tantrums it seems as though visionary geniuses often come with extremely short tempers. There are plenty of examples to be found in Silicon Valley. Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is famed for his angry outbursts and insults yet they haven’t stopped him building a $300 billion company.

For years, the link remained a mystery. Then in 2009 Matthijs Baas from the University of Amsterdam decided to investigate. He recruited a group of willing students and set to work making them angry in the name of science. Half the students were asked to recall something which had irritated them and write a short essay about it. Next the two teams were pitched against each other in a game designed to test their creativity. They had 16 minutes to think of as many ways as possible to improve education at the psychology department. As Baas expected, the angry team produced more ideas – at least to begin with. Their contributions were also more original, repeated by less than 1% of the study’s participants.

Crucially, angry volunteers were better at moments of haphazard innovation, or so-called “unstructured” thinking. Let’s say you’re challenged to think about possible uses for a brick. While a systematic thinker might suggest ten different kinds of building, it takes a less structured approach to invent a new use altogether, such as turning it into a weapon.

In essence, creativity is down to how easily your mind is diverted from one thought path and onto another. In a situation requiring fight or flight, it’s easy to see how turning into a literal “mad genius” could be life-saving.“Anger really prepares the body to mobilise resources – it tells you that the situation you’re in is bad and gives you an energetic boost to get you out of it,” says Baas.

So the next time someone tells you to “cheer up” – why not tell them how you’re improving your sense of fairness, reducing unemployment and saving the world economy? You’ll be having the last laugh – even if it is a world-weary, cynical snort.

17

What does “snort” mean?

1) Cry

2) Laugh

3) Nod

4) Shout

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

The pressure to be positive has never been greater. Cultural forces have whipped up a frenzied pursuit of happiness, spawning billion-dollar book sales, a cottage industry in self-help and plastering inspirational quotes all over the internet. Now you can hire a happiness expert, undertake training in ‘mindfulness’ meanwhile the ‘happiness index’ has become an indicator of national wellbeing to rival GDP.

The truth is, pondering the worst has some clear advantages. Cranks may be superior negotiators, more discerning decision-makers and cut their risk of having a heart attack. Cynics can expect more stable marriages, higher earnings and longer lives – though, of course, they’ll anticipate the opposite. Good moods on the other hand come with substantial risks – sapping your drive, dimming attention to detail and making you simultaneously gullible and selfish

At the centre of it all is the notion our feelings are adaptive: anger, sadness and pessimism aren’t divine cruelty or sheer random bad luck – they evolved to serve useful functions and help us thrive.

Take anger. From Newton’s obsessive grudges to Beethoven’s tantrums it seems as though visionary geniuses often come with extremely short tempers. There are plenty of examples to be found in Silicon Valley. Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is famed for his angry outbursts and insults yet they haven’t stopped him building a $300 billion company.

For years, the link remained a mystery. Then in 2009 Matthijs Baas from the University of Amsterdam decided to investigate. He recruited a group of willing students and set to work making them angry in the name of science. Half the students were asked to recall something which had irritated them and write a short essay about it. Next the two teams were pitched against each other in a game designed to test their creativity. They had 16 minutes to think of as many ways as possible to improve education at the psychology department. As Baas expected, the angry team produced more ideas – at least to begin with. Their contributions were also more original, repeated by less than 1% of the study’s participants.

Crucially, angry volunteers were better at moments of haphazard innovation, or so-called “unstructured” thinking. Let’s say you’re challenged to think about possible uses for a brick. While a systematic thinker might suggest ten different kinds of building, it takes a less structured approach to invent a new use altogether, such as turning it into a weapon.

In essence, creativity is down to how easily your mind is diverted from one thought path and onto another. In a situation requiring fight or flight, it’s easy to see how turning into a literal “mad genius” could be life-saving.“Anger really prepares the body to mobilise resources – it tells you that the situation you’re in is bad and gives you an energetic boost to get you out of it,” says Baas.

So the next time someone tells you to “cheer up” – why not tell them how you’re improving your sense of fairness, reducing unemployment and saving the world economy? You’ll be having the last laugh – even if it is a world-weary, cynical snort.

18

What’s the author’s tone in the text?

1) Depressive

2) Discouraged

3) Optimistic

4) Approving

Прочитайте приведенные ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слово, напечатанное заглавными буквами после текста, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста. Впишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

19

Some myths about the brain, such as the idea that only 10% of our grey matter ________, are notorious, especially among neuroscientists. These myths crop up every now and then but they are shot down by those in the know.

USE

Прочитайте приведенные ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слово, напечатанное заглавными буквами после текста, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста. Впишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

20

In contrast to these enduring stories, other misconceptions ____________________unrecognised.

BECOME

Прочитайте приведенные ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слово, напечатанное заглавными буквами после текста, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста. Впишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

21

One of these is the idea that the human brain is served by five senses. This belief is so ingrained that even if you ask the scientifically literate, he ____________ it as taken-for-granted common knowledge.

TREAT

Прочитайте приведенные ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слово, напечатанное заглавными буквами после текста, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста. Впишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

22

If only it_________ that simple

BE

Прочитайте приведенные ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слово, напечатанное заглавными буквами после текста, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста. Впишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

23

Simply ________________ what we mean by a “sense” leads you down a slippery slope into philosophy.

DEFINE

Прочитайте приведенные ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слово, напечатанное заглавными буквами после текста, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста. Впишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

24

But whichever way you look at it, five is a pretty arbitrary and meaningless number – a glaring “myth” of the brain that needs ______________ recognition.

FAR

Прочитайте приведенные ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слово, напечатанное заглавными буквами после текста, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста. Впишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

25

Indeed, once you start _________about all the different kinds of information  reaching the human brain, you might even find that you develop a brand new sense – a radar-like sensitivity to some of the other misconceptions regarding the way the brain experiences the world. You might have once called it a “sixth sense” – but you know better now, don’t you?

THINK

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слова, напечатанного заглавными буквами после текста, однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста. Запишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

26

About one-fifth of all you eat is used to power the electrical chit-chat between your 100 billion little grey cells. If a big brain gives us such a ____________, it is an enormous waste.

ADVANTAGE

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слова, напечатанного заглавными буквами после текста, однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста. Запишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

27

But there is something that is _________. If nothing else, it makes us more efficient at what we do. If honey bees are searching a scene, for instance, they will consider each object one by one, whereas larger animals have the extra brainpower to process it all at once. We can multi-task, in other words.

BENEFIT 

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слова, напечатанного заглавными буквами после текста, однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста. Запишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

28

A bigger brain also boosts the amount we can remember: a honey bee can grasp just a handful of ________________ between signs signalling the presence of food, before it starts getting confused,

ASSOCIATE

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слова, напечатанного заглавными буквами после текста, однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста. Запишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

29

whereas even a pigeon can learn to recognise more than 1,800 pictures, and that’s nothing compared to human ___________________.

KNOW

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слова, напечатанного заглавными буквами после текста, однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста. Запишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

30

For a _______________, consider that a memory champions can remember 

COMPARE

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слова, напечатанного заглавными буквами после текста, однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста. Запишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

31

the sequence of Pi to _____________ thousands of decimal places.

LITERAL

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

32 _______________Greenland and Norway in the mid-Atlantic ocean, 7,546ft (2300m) below the surface, there is a black and smoky region where hot water spouts up from the sea bed. This strange place is called "Loki's castle" 33 _______________ the shape-shifting Norse God Loki. Close to Loki's castle, there lives a microbe like no 34 ______________ on Earth.

In 2015, a team of scientists 35 ____________ by microbiologist Thijs Ettema of Uppsala University in Sweden reported that they had 36 ____________ a new kind of micro-organism. They found genetic

37 _____________ of this single-celled microbe in sea-floor sediments 9 miles (15km) from Loki's castle.

Writing in the journal Nature, the team called the new microbe "Lokiarchaeota". This quickly got shortened to "Loki".

This mysterious microbe turned 38 ________________to be the closest living relative of the eukaryotes, the group that includes all complex living organisms; from plants and fungi to insects and humans. That means Loki could help us understand how the eukaryotes first came into being. In other words, Loki may help explain why people – and all other complex life – exist.

32

1) between 2) among 3) amongst 4) next

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

32 _______________Greenland and Norway in the mid-Atlantic ocean, 7,546ft (2300m) below the surface, there is a black and smoky region where hot water spouts up from the sea bed. This strange place is called "Loki's castle" 33 _______________ the shape-shifting Norse God Loki. Close to Loki's castle, there lives a microbe like no 34 ______________ on Earth.

In 2015, a team of scientists 35 ____________ by microbiologist Thijs Ettema of Uppsala University in Sweden reported that they had 36 ____________ a new kind of micro-organism. They found genetic

37 _____________ of this single-celled microbe in sea-floor sediments 9 miles (15km) from Loki's castle.

Writing in the journal Nature, the team called the new microbe "Lokiarchaeota". This quickly got shortened to "Loki".

This mysterious microbe turned 38 ________________to be the closest living relative of the eukaryotes, the group that includes all complex living organisms; from plants and fungi to insects and humans. That means Loki could help us understand how the eukaryotes first came into being. In other words, Loki may help explain why people – and all other complex life – exist.

33

1) for 2) after 3) of 4) from

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

32 _______________Greenland and Norway in the mid-Atlantic ocean, 7,546ft (2300m) below the surface, there is a black and smoky region where hot water spouts up from the sea bed. This strange place is called "Loki's castle" 33 _______________ the shape-shifting Norse God Loki. Close to Loki's castle, there lives a microbe like no 34 ______________ on Earth.

In 2015, a team of scientists 35 ____________ by microbiologist Thijs Ettema of Uppsala University in Sweden reported that they had 36 ____________ a new kind of micro-organism. They found genetic

37 _____________ of this single-celled microbe in sea-floor sediments 9 miles (15km) from Loki's castle.

Writing in the journal Nature, the team called the new microbe "Lokiarchaeota". This quickly got shortened to "Loki".

This mysterious microbe turned 38 ________________to be the closest living relative of the eukaryotes, the group that includes all complex living organisms; from plants and fungi to insects and humans. That means Loki could help us understand how the eukaryotes first came into being. In other words, Loki may help explain why people – and all other complex life – exist.

34

1) other 2) others 3) another 4) one

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

32 _______________Greenland and Norway in the mid-Atlantic ocean, 7,546ft (2300m) below the surface, there is a black and smoky region where hot water spouts up from the sea bed. This strange place is called "Loki's castle" 33 _______________ the shape-shifting Norse God Loki. Close to Loki's castle, there lives a microbe like no 34 ______________ on Earth.

In 2015, a team of scientists 35 ____________ by microbiologist Thijs Ettema of Uppsala University in Sweden reported that they had 36 ____________ a new kind of micro-organism. They found genetic

37 _____________ of this single-celled microbe in sea-floor sediments 9 miles (15km) from Loki's castle.

Writing in the journal Nature, the team called the new microbe "Lokiarchaeota". This quickly got shortened to "Loki".

This mysterious microbe turned 38 ________________to be the closest living relative of the eukaryotes, the group that includes all complex living organisms; from plants and fungi to insects and humans. That means Loki could help us understand how the eukaryotes first came into being. In other words, Loki may help explain why people – and all other complex life – exist.

35

1) leadered 2) led 3) researched 4) ruled

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

32 _______________Greenland and Norway in the mid-Atlantic ocean, 7,546ft (2300m) below the surface, there is a black and smoky region where hot water spouts up from the sea bed. This strange place is called "Loki's castle" 33 _______________ the shape-shifting Norse God Loki. Close to Loki's castle, there lives a microbe like no 34 ______________ on Earth.

In 2015, a team of scientists 35 ____________ by microbiologist Thijs Ettema of Uppsala University in Sweden reported that they had 36 ____________ a new kind of micro-organism. They found genetic

37 _____________ of this single-celled microbe in sea-floor sediments 9 miles (15km) from Loki's castle.

Writing in the journal Nature, the team called the new microbe "Lokiarchaeota". This quickly got shortened to "Loki".

This mysterious microbe turned 38 ________________to be the closest living relative of the eukaryotes, the group that includes all complex living organisms; from plants and fungi to insects and humans. That means Loki could help us understand how the eukaryotes first came into being. In other words, Loki may help explain why people – and all other complex life – exist.

36

1) opened 2) revealed 3) discovered 4) researched

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

32 _______________Greenland and Norway in the mid-Atlantic ocean, 7,546ft (2300m) below the surface, there is a black and smoky region where hot water spouts up from the sea bed. This strange place is called "Loki's castle" 33 _______________ the shape-shifting Norse God Loki. Close to Loki's castle, there lives a microbe like no 34 ______________ on Earth.

In 2015, a team of scientists 35 ____________ by microbiologist Thijs Ettema of Uppsala University in Sweden reported that they had 36 ____________ a new kind of micro-organism. They found genetic

37 _____________ of this single-celled microbe in sea-floor sediments 9 miles (15km) from Loki's castle.

Writing in the journal Nature, the team called the new microbe "Lokiarchaeota". This quickly got shortened to "Loki".

This mysterious microbe turned 38 ________________to be the closest living relative of the eukaryotes, the group that includes all complex living organisms; from plants and fungi to insects and humans. That means Loki could help us understand how the eukaryotes first came into being. In other words, Loki may help explain why people – and all other complex life – exist.

37

1) tracks 2) roots 3) grounds 4) traces

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

32 _______________Greenland and Norway in the mid-Atlantic ocean, 7,546ft (2300m) below the surface, there is a black and smoky region where hot water spouts up from the sea bed. This strange place is called "Loki's castle" 33 _______________ the shape-shifting Norse God Loki. Close to Loki's castle, there lives a microbe like no 34 ______________ on Earth.

In 2015, a team of scientists 35 ____________ by microbiologist Thijs Ettema of Uppsala University in Sweden reported that they had 36 ____________ a new kind of micro-organism. They found genetic

37 _____________ of this single-celled microbe in sea-floor sediments 9 miles (15km) from Loki's castle.

Writing in the journal Nature, the team called the new microbe "Lokiarchaeota". This quickly got shortened to "Loki".

This mysterious microbe turned 38 ________________to be the closest living relative of the eukaryotes, the group that includes all complex living organisms; from plants and fungi to insects and humans. That means Loki could help us understand how the eukaryotes first came into being. In other words, Loki may help explain why people – and all other complex life – exist.

38

1) off 2) on 3) up 4) out

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Nicole who writes:

… I have some news to share with you! I’ve entered the University in London. It is so great!! But I’ve never lived in such a big city… To tell the truth, I’m a bit nervous. I know that you live in a big city, could you please help me to overcome my fears! Is it stressful to live in the city? If yes, how do you deal with it? Do people in the city friendly? What activities are popular today among city dwellers?

Thanks a lot!!

Lots of love, Nicole

Write a letter to Nicole.

In your letter

• answer his questions,
• ask 3 questions about about her habits in the countryside. Write 100—140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

You have 20 minutes to do this task.

Comment on the following statement:

1. It is the government’s responsibility to protect the environment.

2. Internet is the greatest time-waster.

What is your opinion?

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:

− make an introduction (state the problem)

− express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion

− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion

− explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

− make a conclusion restating your position